Browse ADAR

Summary
SymbolADAR
Nameadenosine deaminase, RNA-specific
Aliases ADAR1; IFI4; G1P1; interferon-induced protein 4; AGS6; DRADA; DSRAD; K88DSRBP; P136; 136 kDa double-stranded ......
Chromosomal Location1q21.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Basic function annotation.
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
> Gene Ontology
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
 
Subcellular Location Isoform 1: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus (PubMed:7565688, PubMed:24753571). Nuclear import is mediated by TNPO1 (PubMed:24753571). ; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 5: Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Predominantly nuclear but can shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm. TNPO1 can mediate its nuclear import whereas XPO5 can mediate its nuclear export.
Domain PF02137 Adenosine-deaminase (editase) domain
PF00035 Double-stranded RNA binding motif
PF02295 Adenosine deaminase z-alpha domain
Function

Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing (PubMed:7972084, PubMed:7565688, PubMed:12618436). This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2) and serotonin (HTR2C) and GABA receptor (GABRA3). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alters their functional activities. Exhibits low-level editing at the GRIA2 Q/R site, but edits efficiently at the R/G site and HOTSPOT1. Its viral RNA substrates include: hepatitis C virus (HCV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), measles virus (MV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Exhibits either a proviral (HDV, MV, VSV and HIV-1) or an antiviral effect (HCV) and this can be editing-dependent (HDV and HCV), editing-independent (VSV and MV) or both (HIV-1). Impairs HCV replication via RNA editing at multiple sites. Enhances the replication of MV, VSV and HIV-1 through an editing-independent mechanism via suppression of EIF2AK2/PKR activation and function. Stimulates both the release and infectivity of HIV-1 viral particles by an editing-dependent mechanism where it associates with viral RNAs and edits adenosines in the 5'UTR and the Rev and Tat coding sequence. Can enhance viral replication of HDV via A-to-I editing at a site designated as amber/W, thereby changing an UAG amber stop codon to an UIG tryptophan (W) codon that permits synthesis of the large delta antigen (L-HDAg) which has a key role in the assembly of viral particles. However, high levels of ADAR1 inhibit HDV replication.

> Gene Ontology
 
Biological Process GO:0001503 ossification
GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation
GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development
GO:0001933 negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0001959 regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0001960 negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0002200 somatic diversification of immune receptors
GO:0002244 hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
GO:0002262 myeloid cell homeostasis
GO:0002566 somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation
GO:0002683 negative regulation of immune system process
GO:0006382 adenosine to inosine editing
GO:0006397 mRNA processing
GO:0006417 regulation of translation
GO:0006469 negative regulation of protein kinase activity
GO:0009451 RNA modification
GO:0009615 response to virus
GO:0010608 posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
GO:0016246 RNA interference
GO:0016441 posttranscriptional gene silencing
GO:0016458 gene silencing
GO:0016553 base conversion or substitution editing
GO:0017148 negative regulation of translation
GO:0019058 viral life cycle
GO:0019079 viral genome replication
GO:0022613 ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis
GO:0022618 ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
GO:0030099 myeloid cell differentiation
GO:0030218 erythrocyte differentiation
GO:0031047 gene silencing by RNA
GO:0031050 dsRNA fragmentation
GO:0031054 pre-miRNA processing
GO:0031348 negative regulation of defense response
GO:0033673 negative regulation of kinase activity
GO:0034101 erythrocyte homeostasis
GO:0034248 regulation of cellular amide metabolic process
GO:0034249 negative regulation of cellular amide metabolic process
GO:0034340 response to type I interferon
GO:0034470 ncRNA processing
GO:0035194 posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA
GO:0035195 gene silencing by miRNA
GO:0035196 production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
GO:0035280 miRNA loading onto RISC involved in gene silencing by miRNA
GO:0035455 response to interferon-alpha
GO:0040029 regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
GO:0042326 negative regulation of phosphorylation
GO:0043331 response to dsRNA
GO:0043900 regulation of multi-organism process
GO:0043901 negative regulation of multi-organism process
GO:0043902 positive regulation of multi-organism process
GO:0043903 regulation of symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
GO:0044387 negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0045069 regulation of viral genome replication
GO:0045070 positive regulation of viral genome replication
GO:0045071 negative regulation of viral genome replication
GO:0045088 regulation of innate immune response
GO:0045824 negative regulation of innate immune response
GO:0048524 positive regulation of viral process
GO:0048525 negative regulation of viral process
GO:0048872 homeostasis of number of cells
GO:0050777 negative regulation of immune response
GO:0050792 regulation of viral process
GO:0051348 negative regulation of transferase activity
GO:0051607 defense response to virus
GO:0060147 regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing
GO:0060149 negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing
GO:0060216 definitive hemopoiesis
GO:0060337 type I interferon signaling pathway
GO:0060338 regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0060339 negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0060759 regulation of response to cytokine stimulus
GO:0060761 negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus
GO:0060966 regulation of gene silencing by RNA
GO:0060967 negative regulation of gene silencing by RNA
GO:0060968 regulation of gene silencing
GO:0060969 negative regulation of gene silencing
GO:0061484 hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis
GO:0070918 production of small RNA involved in gene silencing by RNA
GO:0070922 small RNA loading onto RISC
GO:0071357 cellular response to type I interferon
GO:0071359 cellular response to dsRNA
GO:0071407 cellular response to organic cyclic compound
GO:0071826 ribonucleoprotein complex subunit organization
GO:0098542 defense response to other organism
GO:0098586 cellular response to virus
GO:1900368 regulation of RNA interference
GO:1900369 negative regulation of RNA interference
GO:1903900 regulation of viral life cycle
GO:1903901 negative regulation of viral life cycle
GO:1903902 positive regulation of viral life cycle
Molecular Function GO:0003726 double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity
GO:0004000 adenosine deaminase activity
GO:0016810 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds
GO:0016814 hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines
GO:0019239 deaminase activity
Cellular Component GO:0005681 spliceosomal complex
GO:0044530 supraspliceosomal complex
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
 
KEGG hsa04623 Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway
Reactome R-HSA-75102: C6 deamination of adenosine
R-HSA-1280215: Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
R-HSA-77042: Formation of editosomes by ADAR proteins
R-HSA-74160: Gene Expression
R-HSA-168256: Immune System
R-HSA-913531: Interferon Signaling
R-HSA-909733: Interferon alpha/beta signaling
R-HSA-75072: mRNA Editing
R-HSA-75064: mRNA Editing
Summary
SymbolADAR
Nameadenosine deaminase, RNA-specific
Aliases ADAR1; IFI4; G1P1; interferon-induced protein 4; AGS6; DRADA; DSRAD; K88DSRBP; P136; 136 kDa double-stranded ......
Chromosomal Location1q21.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Literatures that report relations between ADAR and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.
> Text Mining
 

There is no record.
Summary
SymbolADAR
Nameadenosine deaminase, RNA-specific
Aliases ADAR1; IFI4; G1P1; interferon-induced protein 4; AGS6; DRADA; DSRAD; K88DSRBP; P136; 136 kDa double-stranded ......
Chromosomal Location1q21.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.
> High-throughput Screening
  Statistical results of ADAR in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
PMID Screening System Cancer Type Cell Line Data Set Statistical Results Relation to immunity
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10Pmel-1 T cell NA/NS NA/NS
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10OT-1 T cell NA/NS NA/NS
28783722CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaMel6242CT-CRISPR NA/NS NA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX+Anti-PD1 STARS Score: 7.58; FDR: 0.001 Resistant to T cell-mediated killing
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX STARS Score: 6.58; FDR: 0.001 Resistant to T cell-mediated killing
25691366RNAiBreast cancerMCF7Luc-CTL assay NA/NS NA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Primary screen NA/NS NA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Secondary screen NA/NS NA/NS
Summary
SymbolADAR
Nameadenosine deaminase, RNA-specific
Aliases ADAR1; IFI4; G1P1; interferon-induced protein 4; AGS6; DRADA; DSRAD; K88DSRBP; P136; 136 kDa double-stranded ......
Chromosomal Location1q21.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets.
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of ADAR in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes Log2 (Fold Change) P value Anno
126997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)1412-0.0070.968
226997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)650.150.954
326997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)87-0.1250.949
428552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 9160.4950.267
528552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 590.0870.974
628552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 471.0190.783
729033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 26230.3940.436
829033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 15110.2040.931
929033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11120.5950.822
1029301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 480.6760.718
1129301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2001
1229301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 281.1730.676
1329443960Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 682300.1490.00775
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of ADAR in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes % Mut/Res % Mut/NRes % Diff (R vs NR) Pval Anno
125765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)allAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 14170001
225765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 1030001
325765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)non-smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 4140001
426359337MelanomaallAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 27733.74.1-0.41
526359337MelanomaBRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 0140001
626359337Melanomanon-BRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 27593.75.1-1.41
726997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)211705.9-5.90.447
826997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)860001
926997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)131109.1-9.10.458
1028552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 91611.16.24.91
1128552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 592011.18.91
1228552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 470001
1329033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 382703.7-3.70.415
1429033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 221307.7-7.70.371
1529033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 16140001
1629301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11139.109.10.458
1729301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 610001
1829301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 512200200.294
Summary
SymbolADAR
Nameadenosine deaminase, RNA-specific
Aliases ADAR1; IFI4; G1P1; interferon-induced protein 4; AGS6; DRADA; DSRAD; K88DSRBP; P136; 136 kDa double-stranded ......
Chromosomal Location1q21.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of ADAR. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.
> Lymphocyte
 
Summary
SymbolADAR
Nameadenosine deaminase, RNA-specific
Aliases ADAR1; IFI4; G1P1; interferon-induced protein 4; AGS6; DRADA; DSRAD; K88DSRBP; P136; 136 kDa double-stranded ......
Chromosomal Location1q21.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of ADAR. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by ADAR.
> Immunoinhibitor
> Immunostimulator
> MHC molecule
> Immunoinhibitor
 
> Immunostimulator
 
> MHC molecule
 
Summary
SymbolADAR
Nameadenosine deaminase, RNA-specific
Aliases ADAR1; IFI4; G1P1; interferon-induced protein 4; AGS6; DRADA; DSRAD; K88DSRBP; P136; 136 kDa double-stranded ......
Chromosomal Location1q21.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of ADAR. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene.
> Chemokine
> Receptor
> Chemokine
 
> Receptor
 
Summary
SymbolADAR
Nameadenosine deaminase, RNA-specific
Aliases ADAR1; IFI4; G1P1; interferon-induced protein 4; AGS6; DRADA; DSRAD; K88DSRBP; P136; 136 kDa double-stranded ......
Chromosomal Location1q21.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Distribution of ADAR expression across immune and molecular subtypes.
> Immune subtype
> Molecular subtype
> Immune subtype
 
> Molecular subtype
 
Summary
SymbolADAR
Nameadenosine deaminase, RNA-specific
Aliases ADAR1; IFI4; G1P1; interferon-induced protein 4; AGS6; DRADA; DSRAD; K88DSRBP; P136; 136 kDa double-stranded ......
Chromosomal Location1q21.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Associations between ADAR and clinical features.
> Overall survival analysis
> Cancer stage
> Tumor grade
> Overall survival
 
> Stage
 
> Grade
 
Summary
SymbolADAR
Nameadenosine deaminase, RNA-specific
Aliases ADAR1; IFI4; G1P1; interferon-induced protein 4; AGS6; DRADA; DSRAD; K88DSRBP; P136; 136 kDa double-stranded ......
Chromosomal Location1q21.3
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Drugs targeting ADAR collected from DrugBank database.
> Drugs from DrugBank database
 

There is no record.