Browse APLN

Summary
SymbolAPLN
Nameapelin
Aliases XNPEP2; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; AGTRL1 ligand; APJ endogenous ligand
Chromosomal LocationXq25
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Basic function annotation.
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
> Gene Ontology
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
 
Subcellular Location Secreted Secreted, extracellular space Note=Abundantly secreted in the colostrum. Lower level in milk. Decreases rapidly within several days after parturition in milk, but is still detectable even in commercial milk.
Domain PF15360 APJ endogenous ligand
Function

Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR) (PubMed:10525157). Drives internalization of the apelin receptor (By similarity). Apelin-36 dissociates more hardly than (pyroglu)apelin-13 from APLNR (By similarity). Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis (By similarity). Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking; the oral intake of apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune responses in neonates (By similarity). Plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation (By similarity). Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (By similarity). May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing vasopressin release and drinking behavior (By similarity). ; FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR), an alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection (PubMed:11090199). Inhibits HIV-1 entry in cells coexpressing CD4 and APLNR (PubMed:11090199). Apelin-36 has a greater inhibitory activity on HIV infection than other synthetic apelin derivatives (PubMed:11090199).

> Gene Ontology
 
Biological Process GO:0001659 temperature homeostasis
GO:0002026 regulation of the force of heart contraction
GO:0002790 peptide secretion
GO:0002791 regulation of peptide secretion
GO:0002793 positive regulation of peptide secretion
GO:0003013 circulatory system process
GO:0003015 heart process
GO:0003018 vascular process in circulatory system
GO:0007585 respiratory gaseous exchange
GO:0007589 body fluid secretion
GO:0007595 lactation
GO:0007631 feeding behavior
GO:0008015 blood circulation
GO:0008016 regulation of heart contraction
GO:0008217 regulation of blood pressure
GO:0009914 hormone transport
GO:0010817 regulation of hormone levels
GO:0015833 peptide transport
GO:0019229 regulation of vasoconstriction
GO:0023061 signal release
GO:0030072 peptide hormone secretion
GO:0030879 mammary gland development
GO:0031649 heat generation
GO:0031650 regulation of heat generation
GO:0031652 positive regulation of heat generation
GO:0032844 regulation of homeostatic process
GO:0032846 positive regulation of homeostatic process
GO:0032941 secretion by tissue
GO:0035150 regulation of tube size
GO:0042310 vasoconstriction
GO:0042311 vasodilation
GO:0042312 regulation of vasodilation
GO:0042756 drinking behavior
GO:0042886 amide transport
GO:0043396 corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
GO:0043397 regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
GO:0043576 regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
GO:0044057 regulation of system process
GO:0044060 regulation of endocrine process
GO:0045776 negative regulation of blood pressure
GO:0045906 negative regulation of vasoconstriction
GO:0045909 positive regulation of vasodilation
GO:0046879 hormone secretion
GO:0046883 regulation of hormone secretion
GO:0046887 positive regulation of hormone secretion
GO:0048732 gland development
GO:0048871 multicellular organismal homeostasis
GO:0050878 regulation of body fluid levels
GO:0050880 regulation of blood vessel size
GO:0050886 endocrine process
GO:0051047 positive regulation of secretion
GO:0051458 corticotropin secretion
GO:0051459 regulation of corticotropin secretion
GO:0051461 positive regulation of corticotropin secretion
GO:0051466 positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
GO:0060047 heart contraction
GO:0060986 endocrine hormone secretion
GO:0090066 regulation of anatomical structure size
GO:0090087 regulation of peptide transport
GO:0090276 regulation of peptide hormone secretion
GO:0090277 positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion
GO:1903522 regulation of blood circulation
GO:1903523 negative regulation of blood circulation
GO:1903524 positive regulation of blood circulation
GO:1903532 positive regulation of secretion by cell
Molecular Function GO:0001664 G-protein coupled receptor binding
GO:0005179 hormone activity
GO:0031704 apelin receptor binding
GO:0071855 neuropeptide receptor binding
Cellular Component -
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
 
KEGG -
Reactome R-HSA-373076: Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
R-HSA-418594: G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-388396: GPCR downstream signaling
R-HSA-500792: GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-375276: Peptide ligand-binding receptors
R-HSA-162582: Signal Transduction
R-HSA-372790: Signaling by GPCR
Summary
SymbolAPLN
Nameapelin
Aliases XNPEP2; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; AGTRL1 ligand; APJ endogenous ligand
Chromosomal LocationXq25
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Literatures that report relations between APLN and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.
> Text Mining
 
  Literatures describing the relation between APLN and anti-tumor immunity in human cancer.
PMID Cancer type Relation to immunity Evidence sentences
22037214Colon CarcinomaPromote immunity (infiltration); Essential for immunotherapyThe apelin/APJ system induces maturation of the tumor vasculature and improves the efficiency of immune therapy. This apelin-induced tumor vascular maturation enhances the efficacy of cancer dendritic cell-based immunotherapy and significantly suppresses tumor growth by promoting the infiltration of invariant natural killer T cells into the central region of the tumor and thereby robustly inducing apoptosis of tumor cells.
Summary
SymbolAPLN
Nameapelin
Aliases XNPEP2; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; AGTRL1 ligand; APJ endogenous ligand
Chromosomal LocationXq25
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.
> High-throughput Screening
  Statistical results of APLN in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
PMID Screening System Cancer Type Cell Line Data Set Statistical Results Relation to immunity
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10Pmel-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10OT-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
28783722CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaMel6242CT-CRISPR NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX+Anti-PD1 NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX NA/NSNA/NS
25691366RNAiBreast cancerMCF7Luc-CTL assay NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Primary screen NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Secondary screen NA/NSNA/NS
Summary
SymbolAPLN
Nameapelin
Aliases XNPEP2; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; AGTRL1 ligand; APJ endogenous ligand
Chromosomal LocationXq25
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets.
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of APLN in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes Log2 (Fold Change) P value Anno
126997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)1412-0.9230.0731
226997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)65-1.2750.207
326997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)87-0.6670.427
428552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 916-0.3890.625
528552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 590.5890.619
628552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 47-1.6210.224
729033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2623-0.1730.717
829033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1511-0.3620.701
929033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11120.0940.923
1029301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 480.5780.733
1129301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2001
1229301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 281.6330.506
1329443960Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 68230-0.1180.594
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
 

There is no record.
Summary
SymbolAPLN
Nameapelin
Aliases XNPEP2; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; AGTRL1 ligand; APJ endogenous ligand
Chromosomal LocationXq25
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of APLN. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.
> Lymphocyte
 
Summary
SymbolAPLN
Nameapelin
Aliases XNPEP2; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; AGTRL1 ligand; APJ endogenous ligand
Chromosomal LocationXq25
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of APLN. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by APLN.
> Immunoinhibitor
> Immunostimulator
> MHC molecule
> Immunoinhibitor
 
> Immunostimulator
 
> MHC molecule
 
Summary
SymbolAPLN
Nameapelin
Aliases XNPEP2; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; AGTRL1 ligand; APJ endogenous ligand
Chromosomal LocationXq25
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of APLN. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene.
> Chemokine
> Receptor
> Chemokine
 
> Receptor
 
Summary
SymbolAPLN
Nameapelin
Aliases XNPEP2; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; AGTRL1 ligand; APJ endogenous ligand
Chromosomal LocationXq25
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Distribution of APLN expression across immune and molecular subtypes.
> Immune subtype
> Molecular subtype
> Immune subtype
 
> Molecular subtype
 
Summary
SymbolAPLN
Nameapelin
Aliases XNPEP2; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; AGTRL1 ligand; APJ endogenous ligand
Chromosomal LocationXq25
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Associations between APLN and clinical features.
> Overall survival analysis
> Cancer stage
> Tumor grade
> Overall survival
 
> Stage
 
> Grade
 
Summary
SymbolAPLN
Nameapelin
Aliases XNPEP2; apelin, AGTRL1 ligand; APEL; AGTRL1 ligand; APJ endogenous ligand
Chromosomal LocationXq25
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Drugs targeting APLN collected from DrugBank database.
> Drugs from DrugBank database
 

There is no record.