Browse GAL

Summary
SymbolGAL
Namegalanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Aliases GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ......
Chromosomal Location11q13.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Basic function annotation.
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
> Gene Ontology
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
 
Subcellular Location Secreted
Domain PF01296 Galanin
PF06540 Galanin message associated peptide (GMAP)
Function

Endocrine hormone of the central and peripheral nervous systems that binds and activates the G protein-coupled receptors GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. This small neuropeptide may regulate diverse physiologic functions including contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, growth hormone and insulin release and adrenal secretion.

> Gene Ontology
 
Biological Process GO:0001558 regulation of cell growth
GO:0001942 hair follicle development
GO:0002683 negative regulation of immune system process
GO:0002694 regulation of leukocyte activation
GO:0002695 negative regulation of leukocyte activation
GO:0002790 peptide secretion
GO:0006813 potassium ion transport
GO:0006869 lipid transport
GO:0007218 neuropeptide signaling pathway
GO:0007631 feeding behavior
GO:0008202 steroid metabolic process
GO:0008211 glucocorticoid metabolic process
GO:0008544 epidermis development
GO:0009306 protein secretion
GO:0009914 hormone transport
GO:0010015 root morphogenesis
GO:0010053 root epidermal cell differentiation
GO:0010054 trichoblast differentiation
GO:0010721 negative regulation of cell development
GO:0010737 protein kinase A signaling
GO:0010817 regulation of hormone levels
GO:0010876 lipid localization
GO:0010959 regulation of metal ion transport
GO:0015672 monovalent inorganic cation transport
GO:0015833 peptide transport
GO:0015850 organic hydroxy compound transport
GO:0016049 cell growth
GO:0019216 regulation of lipid metabolic process
GO:0019218 regulation of steroid metabolic process
GO:0019932 second-messenger-mediated signaling
GO:0019933 cAMP-mediated signaling
GO:0019935 cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling
GO:0021700 developmental maturation
GO:0022404 molting cycle process
GO:0022405 hair cycle process
GO:0022622 root system development
GO:0022898 regulation of transmembrane transporter activity
GO:0023061 signal release
GO:0030072 peptide hormone secretion
GO:0030073 insulin secretion
GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth
GO:0031943 regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
GO:0032350 regulation of hormone metabolic process
GO:0032368 regulation of lipid transport
GO:0032370 positive regulation of lipid transport
GO:0032409 regulation of transporter activity
GO:0032411 positive regulation of transporter activity
GO:0032412 regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
GO:0032414 positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
GO:0032868 response to insulin
GO:0032943 mononuclear cell proliferation
GO:0032944 regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
GO:0032945 negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
GO:0034762 regulation of transmembrane transport
GO:0034764 positive regulation of transmembrane transport
GO:0034765 regulation of ion transmembrane transport
GO:0034767 positive regulation of ion transmembrane transport
GO:0035902 response to immobilization stress
GO:0035929 steroid hormone secretion
GO:0035930 corticosteroid hormone secretion
GO:0035933 glucocorticoid secretion
GO:0042303 molting cycle
GO:0042445 hormone metabolic process
GO:0042493 response to drug
GO:0042633 hair cycle
GO:0042634 regulation of hair cycle
GO:0042635 positive regulation of hair cycle
GO:0042637 catagen
GO:0042886 amide transport
GO:0043266 regulation of potassium ion transport
GO:0043268 positive regulation of potassium ion transport
GO:0043270 positive regulation of ion transport
GO:0043400 cortisol secretion
GO:0043434 response to peptide hormone
GO:0043588 skin development
GO:0043627 response to estrogen
GO:0044057 regulation of system process
GO:0044060 regulation of endocrine process
GO:0044848 biological phase
GO:0044851 hair cycle phase
GO:0045682 regulation of epidermis development
GO:0045684 positive regulation of epidermis development
GO:0045926 negative regulation of growth
GO:0046651 lymphocyte proliferation
GO:0046879 hormone secretion
GO:0046883 regulation of hormone secretion
GO:0046887 positive regulation of hormone secretion
GO:0048364 root development
GO:0048469 cell maturation
GO:0048588 developmental cell growth
GO:0048638 regulation of developmental growth
GO:0048640 negative regulation of developmental growth
GO:0048764 trichoblast maturation
GO:0048765 root hair cell differentiation
GO:0048767 root hair elongation
GO:0048818 positive regulation of hair follicle maturation
GO:0048819 regulation of hair follicle maturation
GO:0048820 hair follicle maturation
GO:0050670 regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
GO:0050672 negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
GO:0050865 regulation of cell activation
GO:0050866 negative regulation of cell activation
GO:0050886 endocrine process
GO:0051047 positive regulation of secretion
GO:0051249 regulation of lymphocyte activation
GO:0051250 negative regulation of lymphocyte activation
GO:0051462 regulation of cortisol secretion
GO:0051464 positive regulation of cortisol secretion
GO:0051794 regulation of catagen
GO:0051795 positive regulation of catagen
GO:0051797 regulation of hair follicle development
GO:0051798 positive regulation of hair follicle development
GO:0060560 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis
GO:0060986 endocrine hormone secretion
GO:0070661 leukocyte proliferation
GO:0070663 regulation of leukocyte proliferation
GO:0070664 negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation
GO:0071695 anatomical structure maturation
GO:0071804 cellular potassium ion transport
GO:0071805 potassium ion transmembrane transport
GO:0080147 root hair cell development
GO:0090558 plant epidermis development
GO:0090627 plant epidermal cell differentiation
GO:0098773 skin epidermis development
GO:0099402 plant organ development
GO:1901016 regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
GO:1901018 positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity
GO:1901379 regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
GO:1901381 positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
GO:1901652 response to peptide
GO:1902606 regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
GO:1902608 positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
GO:1902890 regulation of root hair elongation
GO:1902891 negative regulation of root hair elongation
GO:1903429 regulation of cell maturation
GO:1903430 negative regulation of cell maturation
GO:1903532 positive regulation of secretion by cell
GO:1903888 regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
GO:1903889 negative regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation
GO:1904062 regulation of cation transmembrane transport
GO:1904064 positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport
GO:1905392 plant organ morphogenesis
GO:1905421 regulation of plant organ morphogenesis
GO:1905422 negative regulation of plant organ morphogenesis
GO:2000067 regulation of root morphogenesis
GO:2000280 regulation of root development
GO:2000831 regulation of steroid hormone secretion
GO:2000833 positive regulation of steroid hormone secretion
GO:2000846 regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion
GO:2000848 positive regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion
GO:2000849 regulation of glucocorticoid secretion
GO:2000851 positive regulation of glucocorticoid secretion
GO:2001257 regulation of cation channel activity
GO:2001259 positive regulation of cation channel activity
Molecular Function GO:0001653 peptide receptor activity
GO:0001664 G-protein coupled receptor binding
GO:0004966 galanin receptor activity
GO:0005179 hormone activity
GO:0005184 neuropeptide hormone activity
GO:0008188 neuropeptide receptor activity
GO:0008528 G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity
GO:0031763 galanin receptor binding
GO:0031764 type 1 galanin receptor binding
GO:0031765 type 2 galanin receptor binding
GO:0031766 type 3 galanin receptor binding
GO:0071855 neuropeptide receptor binding
Cellular Component GO:0030141 secretory granule
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body
GO:0044297 cell body
GO:0099503 secretory vesicle
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
 
KEGG -
Reactome R-HSA-373076: Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
R-HSA-418594: G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-388396: GPCR downstream signaling
R-HSA-500792: GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-375276: Peptide ligand-binding receptors
R-HSA-162582: Signal Transduction
R-HSA-372790: Signaling by GPCR
Summary
SymbolGAL
Namegalanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Aliases GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ......
Chromosomal Location11q13.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Literatures that report relations between GAL and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.
> Text Mining
 

There is no record.
Summary
SymbolGAL
Namegalanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Aliases GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ......
Chromosomal Location11q13.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.
> High-throughput Screening
  Statistical results of GAL in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
PMID Screening System Cancer Type Cell Line Data Set Statistical Results Relation to immunity
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10Pmel-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10OT-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
28783722CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaMel6242CT-CRISPR NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX+Anti-PD1 NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX NA/NSNA/NS
25691366RNAiBreast cancerMCF7Luc-CTL assay NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Primary screen NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Secondary screen NA/NSNA/NS
Summary
SymbolGAL
Namegalanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Aliases GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ......
Chromosomal Location11q13.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets.
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of GAL in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes Log2 (Fold Change) P value Anno
126997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)1412-1.9470.0174
226997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)65-4.7450.000314
326997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)870.0840.949
428552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 9160.0690.933
528552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 590.1350.907
628552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 47-0.0410.977
729033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2623-0.3070.721
829033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1511-0.2110.862
929033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1112-0.2130.871
1029301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 4801
1129301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2001
1229301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2801
1329443960Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 68230-0.4090.314
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of GAL in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes % Mut/Res % Mut/NRes % Diff (R vs NR) Pval Anno
125765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)allAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 14170001
225765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 1030001
325765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)non-smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 4140001
426359337MelanomaallAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 277301.4-1.41
526359337MelanomaBRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 0140001
626359337Melanomanon-BRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 275901.7-1.71
726997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)21170001
826997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)860001
926997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)13110001
1028552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 9160001
1128552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 590001
1228552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 470001
1329033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 38272.602.61
1429033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 22134.504.51
1529033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 16140001
1629301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11130001
1729301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 610001
1829301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 5120001
Summary
SymbolGAL
Namegalanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Aliases GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ......
Chromosomal Location11q13.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GAL. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.
> Lymphocyte
 
Summary
SymbolGAL
Namegalanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Aliases GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ......
Chromosomal Location11q13.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GAL. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by GAL.
> Immunoinhibitor
> Immunostimulator
> MHC molecule
> Immunoinhibitor
 
> Immunostimulator
 
> MHC molecule
 
Summary
SymbolGAL
Namegalanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Aliases GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ......
Chromosomal Location11q13.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GAL. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene.
> Chemokine
> Receptor
> Chemokine
 
> Receptor
 
Summary
SymbolGAL
Namegalanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Aliases GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ......
Chromosomal Location11q13.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Distribution of GAL expression across immune and molecular subtypes.
> Immune subtype
> Molecular subtype
> Immune subtype
 
> Molecular subtype
 
Summary
SymbolGAL
Namegalanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Aliases GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ......
Chromosomal Location11q13.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Associations between GAL and clinical features.
> Overall survival analysis
> Cancer stage
> Tumor grade
> Overall survival
 
> Stage
 
> Grade
 
Summary
SymbolGAL
Namegalanin/GMAP prepropeptide
Aliases GMAP; GAL-GMAP; GLNN; galanin-message-associated peptide; GALN; galanin; galanin prepropeptide; GAL-GMAPN; g ......
Chromosomal Location11q13.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Drugs targeting GAL collected from DrugBank database.
> Drugs from DrugBank database
 

There is no record.