Browse GLUL

Summary
SymbolGLUL
Nameglutamate-ammonia ligase
Aliases glutamine synthetase; GLNS; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); PIG43; PIG59; cell proliferation- ......
Chromosomal Location1q31
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Basic function annotation.
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
> Gene Ontology
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
 
Subcellular Location Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion
Domain PF00120 Glutamine synthetase
PF03951 Glutamine synthetase
Function

This enzyme has 2 functions: it catalyzes the production of glutamine and 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), the latter in a pyridoxal phosphate-independent manner (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts.

> Gene Ontology
 
Biological Process GO:0001504 neurotransmitter uptake
GO:0001505 regulation of neurotransmitter levels
GO:0002790 peptide secretion
GO:0002791 regulation of peptide secretion
GO:0002793 positive regulation of peptide secretion
GO:0006520 cellular amino acid metabolic process
GO:0006536 glutamate metabolic process
GO:0006538 glutamate catabolic process
GO:0006541 glutamine metabolic process
GO:0006542 glutamine biosynthetic process
GO:0006836 neurotransmitter transport
GO:0007270 neuron-neuron synaptic transmission
GO:0008652 cellular amino acid biosynthetic process
GO:0009064 glutamine family amino acid metabolic process
GO:0009065 glutamine family amino acid catabolic process
GO:0009084 glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process
GO:0009267 cellular response to starvation
GO:0009306 protein secretion
GO:0009743 response to carbohydrate
GO:0009746 response to hexose
GO:0009749 response to glucose
GO:0009914 hormone transport
GO:0009991 response to extracellular stimulus
GO:0010817 regulation of hormone levels
GO:0015833 peptide transport
GO:0016053 organic acid biosynthetic process
GO:0016054 organic acid catabolic process
GO:0019676 ammonia assimilation cycle
GO:0019740 nitrogen utilization
GO:0023061 signal release
GO:0030072 peptide hormone secretion
GO:0030073 insulin secretion
GO:0031667 response to nutrient levels
GO:0031668 cellular response to extracellular stimulus
GO:0031669 cellular response to nutrient levels
GO:0032024 positive regulation of insulin secretion
GO:0034284 response to monosaccharide
GO:0035249 synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
GO:0042594 response to starvation
GO:0042886 amide transport
GO:0043648 dicarboxylic acid metabolic process
GO:0043649 dicarboxylic acid catabolic process
GO:0044282 small molecule catabolic process
GO:0044283 small molecule biosynthetic process
GO:0046394 carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
GO:0046395 carboxylic acid catabolic process
GO:0046879 hormone secretion
GO:0046883 regulation of hormone secretion
GO:0046887 positive regulation of hormone secretion
GO:0050673 epithelial cell proliferation
GO:0050678 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
GO:0050679 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
GO:0050708 regulation of protein secretion
GO:0050714 positive regulation of protein secretion
GO:0050796 regulation of insulin secretion
GO:0050804 modulation of synaptic transmission
GO:0050806 positive regulation of synaptic transmission
GO:0051047 positive regulation of secretion
GO:0051222 positive regulation of protein transport
GO:0051259 protein oligomerization
GO:0051260 protein homooligomerization
GO:0051966 regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
GO:0051968 positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
GO:0071496 cellular response to external stimulus
GO:0090087 regulation of peptide transport
GO:0090276 regulation of peptide hormone secretion
GO:0090277 positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion
GO:0098657 import into cell
GO:1901565 organonitrogen compound catabolic process
GO:1901605 alpha-amino acid metabolic process
GO:1901606 alpha-amino acid catabolic process
GO:1901607 alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process
GO:1903532 positive regulation of secretion by cell
GO:1904951 positive regulation of establishment of protein localization
Molecular Function GO:0000287 magnesium ion binding
GO:0004351 glutamate decarboxylase activity
GO:0004356 glutamate-ammonia ligase activity
GO:0016211 ammonia ligase activity
GO:0016595 glutamate binding
GO:0016829 lyase activity
GO:0016830 carbon-carbon lyase activity
GO:0016831 carboxy-lyase activity
GO:0016874 ligase activity
GO:0016879 ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds
GO:0016880 acid-ammonia (or amide) ligase activity
GO:0030145 manganese ion binding
GO:0031406 carboxylic acid binding
GO:0043168 anion binding
GO:0045502 dynein binding
GO:0045503 dynein light chain binding
Cellular Component GO:0005791 rough endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0030424 axon
GO:0033267 axon part
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body
GO:0043204 perikaryon
GO:0043209 myelin sheath
GO:0043679 axon terminus
GO:0044297 cell body
GO:0044306 neuron projection terminus
GO:0097386 glial cell projection
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
 
KEGG hsa04724 Glutamatergic synapse
hsa04727 GABAergic synapse
hsa00250 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
hsa00630 Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
hsa00910 Nitrogen metabolism
hsa01100 Metabolic pathways
hsa01230 Biosynthesis of amino acids
Reactome R-HSA-70614: Amino acid synthesis and interconversion (transamination)
R-HSA-210455: Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism
R-HSA-1430728: Metabolism
R-HSA-71291: Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives
R-HSA-112316: Neuronal System
R-HSA-112313: Neurotransmitter uptake and Metabolism In Glial Cells
R-HSA-112315: Transmission across Chemical Synapses
Summary
SymbolGLUL
Nameglutamate-ammonia ligase
Aliases glutamine synthetase; GLNS; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); PIG43; PIG59; cell proliferation- ......
Chromosomal Location1q31
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Literatures that report relations between GLUL and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.
> Text Mining
 

There is no record.
Summary
SymbolGLUL
Nameglutamate-ammonia ligase
Aliases glutamine synthetase; GLNS; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); PIG43; PIG59; cell proliferation- ......
Chromosomal Location1q31
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.
> High-throughput Screening
  Statistical results of GLUL in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
PMID Screening System Cancer Type Cell Line Data Set Statistical Results Relation to immunity
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10Pmel-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10OT-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
28783722CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaMel6242CT-CRISPR NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX+Anti-PD1 NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX NA/NSNA/NS
25691366RNAiBreast cancerMCF7Luc-CTL assay NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Primary screen NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Secondary screen NA/NSNA/NS
Summary
SymbolGLUL
Nameglutamate-ammonia ligase
Aliases glutamine synthetase; GLNS; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); PIG43; PIG59; cell proliferation- ......
Chromosomal Location1q31
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets.
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of GLUL in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes Log2 (Fold Change) P value Anno
126997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)1412-0.4460.124
226997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)65-0.4430.887
326997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)87-0.4390.837
428552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 9160.3090.56
528552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 59-0.3440.896
628552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 471.1420.748
729033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2623-0.020.971
829033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 15110.1240.959
929033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1112-0.2470.93
1029301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 480.6790.764
1129301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2001
1229301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 281.5770.658
1329443960Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 682300.0310.754
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of GLUL in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes % Mut/Res % Mut/NRes % Diff (R vs NR) Pval Anno
125765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)allAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 14177.107.10.452
225765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 103100101
325765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)non-smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 4140001
426359337MelanomaallAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 277311.1011.10.0181
526359337MelanomaBRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 0140001
626359337Melanomanon-BRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 275911.1011.10.0286
726997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)21170001
826997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)860001
926997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)13110001
1028552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 9160001
1128552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 590001
1228552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 470001
1329033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 382703.7-3.70.415
1429033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 221307.7-7.70.371
1529033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 16140001
1629301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11130001
1729301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 610001
1829301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 5120001
Summary
SymbolGLUL
Nameglutamate-ammonia ligase
Aliases glutamine synthetase; GLNS; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); PIG43; PIG59; cell proliferation- ......
Chromosomal Location1q31
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GLUL. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.
> Lymphocyte
 
Summary
SymbolGLUL
Nameglutamate-ammonia ligase
Aliases glutamine synthetase; GLNS; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); PIG43; PIG59; cell proliferation- ......
Chromosomal Location1q31
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GLUL. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by GLUL.
> Immunoinhibitor
> Immunostimulator
> MHC molecule
> Immunoinhibitor
 
> Immunostimulator
 
> MHC molecule
 
Summary
SymbolGLUL
Nameglutamate-ammonia ligase
Aliases glutamine synthetase; GLNS; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); PIG43; PIG59; cell proliferation- ......
Chromosomal Location1q31
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GLUL. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene.
> Chemokine
> Receptor
> Chemokine
 
> Receptor
 
Summary
SymbolGLUL
Nameglutamate-ammonia ligase
Aliases glutamine synthetase; GLNS; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); PIG43; PIG59; cell proliferation- ......
Chromosomal Location1q31
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Distribution of GLUL expression across immune and molecular subtypes.
> Immune subtype
> Molecular subtype
> Immune subtype
 
> Molecular subtype
 
Summary
SymbolGLUL
Nameglutamate-ammonia ligase
Aliases glutamine synthetase; GLNS; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); PIG43; PIG59; cell proliferation- ......
Chromosomal Location1q31
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Associations between GLUL and clinical features.
> Overall survival analysis
> Cancer stage
> Tumor grade
> Overall survival
 
> Stage
 
> Grade
 
Summary
SymbolGLUL
Nameglutamate-ammonia ligase
Aliases glutamine synthetase; GLNS; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); PIG43; PIG59; cell proliferation- ......
Chromosomal Location1q31
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Drugs targeting GLUL collected from DrugBank database.
> Drugs from DrugBank database
 

  Details on drugs targeting GLUL.
ID Name Drug Type Targets #Targets
DB00130L-GlutamineSmall MoleculeCTPS1, GLUL, PPAT3
DB00142Glutamic AcidSmall MoleculeAADAT, AASS, ABAT, ALDH18A1, ASNS, BCAT1, BCAT2, CCBL2, CPQ, DNPEP ......69