TISIDB

Summary
Symbol	HAS2
Name	hyaluronan synthase 2
Aliases	HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2
Chromosomal Location	8q24.12
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Basic function annotation. > Subcellular Location, Domain and Function > Gene Ontology > KEGG and Reactome Pathway

> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function [ TOP ]
Subcellular Location	Membrane Multi-pass membrane protein
Domain	PF00535 Glycosyl transferase family 2
Function	Catalyzes the addition of GlcNAc or GlcUA monosaccharides to the nascent hyaluronan polymer. Therefore, it is essential to hyaluronan synthesis a major component of most extracellular matrices that has a structural role in tissues architectures and regulates cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. This is one of the isozymes catalyzing that reaction and it is particularly responsible for the synthesis of high molecular mass hyaluronan. Required for the transition of endocardial cushion cells into mesenchymal cells, a process crucial for heart development. May also play a role in vasculogenesis. High molecular mass hyaluronan also play a role in early contact inhibition a process which stops cell growth when cells come into contact with each other or the extracellular matrix (By similarity).

> Gene Ontology [ TOP ]
Biological Process	GO:0000271 polysaccharide biosynthetic process GO:0001501 skeletal system development GO:0001570 vasculogenesis GO:0001655 urogenital system development GO:0001667 ameboidal-type cell migration GO:0001822 kidney development GO:0001837 epithelial to mesenchymal transition GO:0003007 heart morphogenesis GO:0003014 renal system process GO:0003091 renal water homeostasis GO:0003097 renal water transport GO:0005976 polysaccharide metabolic process GO:0006022 aminoglycan metabolic process GO:0006023 aminoglycan biosynthetic process GO:0006024 glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process GO:0006109 regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0006833 water transport GO:0007159 leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GO:0007507 heart development GO:0010631 epithelial cell migration GO:0010632 regulation of epithelial cell migration GO:0010634 positive regulation of epithelial cell migration GO:0010720 positive regulation of cell development GO:0010769 regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation GO:0010770 positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation GO:0010810 regulation of cell-substrate adhesion GO:0010811 positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion GO:0010837 regulation of keratinocyte proliferation GO:0010838 positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation GO:0014812 muscle cell migration GO:0014909 smooth muscle cell migration GO:0014910 regulation of smooth muscle cell migration GO:0014911 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration GO:0016051 carbohydrate biosynthetic process GO:0022407 regulation of cell-cell adhesion GO:0022409 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion GO:0022604 regulation of cell morphogenesis GO:0030104 water homeostasis GO:0030198 extracellular matrix organization GO:0030203 glycosaminoglycan metabolic process GO:0030212 hyaluronan metabolic process GO:0030213 hyaluronan biosynthetic process GO:0030335 positive regulation of cell migration GO:0031589 cell-substrate adhesion GO:0032881 regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process GO:0032885 regulation of polysaccharide biosynthetic process GO:0033692 cellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process GO:0034405 response to fluid shear stress GO:0034446 substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading GO:0034612 response to tumor necrosis factor GO:0034637 cellular carbohydrate biosynthetic process GO:0035809 regulation of urine volume GO:0035810 positive regulation of urine volume GO:0036119 response to platelet-derived growth factor GO:0036120 cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus GO:0036302 atrioventricular canal development GO:0040017 positive regulation of locomotion GO:0042044 fluid transport GO:0042698 ovulation cycle GO:0043062 extracellular structure organization GO:0043255 regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process GO:0043616 keratinocyte proliferation GO:0044262 cellular carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0044264 cellular polysaccharide metabolic process GO:0044723 single-organism carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0044849 estrous cycle GO:0045226 extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process GO:0045785 positive regulation of cell adhesion GO:0045913 positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0046379 extracellular polysaccharide metabolic process GO:0048511 rhythmic process GO:0048514 blood vessel morphogenesis GO:0048705 skeletal system morphogenesis GO:0048762 mesenchymal cell differentiation GO:0048871 multicellular organismal homeostasis GO:0050673 epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050678 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050679 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050878 regulation of body fluid levels GO:0050891 multicellular organismal water homeostasis GO:0051272 positive regulation of cellular component movement GO:0051546 keratinocyte migration GO:0051547 regulation of keratinocyte migration GO:0051549 positive regulation of keratinocyte migration GO:0060317 cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition GO:0060348 bone development GO:0060349 bone morphogenesis GO:0060485 mesenchyme development GO:0070293 renal absorption GO:0070295 renal water absorption GO:0070486 leukocyte aggregation GO:0070487 monocyte aggregation GO:0070555 response to interleukin-1 GO:0071347 cellular response to interleukin-1 GO:0071356 cellular response to tumor necrosis factor GO:0071498 cellular response to fluid shear stress GO:0072001 renal system development GO:0085029 extracellular matrix assembly GO:0090130 tissue migration GO:0090132 epithelium migration GO:0090500 endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition GO:1900024 regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading GO:1900026 positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading GO:1900125 regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process GO:1900127 positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process GO:1900623 regulation of monocyte aggregation GO:1900625 positive regulation of monocyte aggregation GO:1903037 regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GO:1903039 positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GO:1903510 mucopolysaccharide metabolic process GO:2000147 positive regulation of cell motility
Molecular Function	GO:0008194 UDP-glycosyltransferase activity GO:0016757 transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups GO:0016758 transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups GO:0050501 hyaluronan synthase activity
Cellular Component	-

> KEGG and Reactome Pathway [ TOP ]
KEGG	-
Reactome	R-HSA-1630316: Glycosaminoglycan metabolism R-HSA-2142850: Hyaluronan biosynthesis and export R-HSA-2142845: Hyaluronan metabolism R-HSA-1430728: Metabolism R-HSA-71387: Metabolism of carbohydrates

Summary
Symbol	HAS2
Name	hyaluronan synthase 2
Aliases	HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2
Chromosomal Location	8q24.12
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Literatures that report relations between HAS2 and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.

> Text Mining [ TOP ]
There is no record.

Summary
Symbol	HAS2
Name	hyaluronan synthase 2
Aliases	HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2
Chromosomal Location	8q24.12
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.

> High-throughput Screening

[ TOP ]

Statistical results of HAS2 in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.

PMID	Screening System	Cancer Type	Cell Line	Data Set	Statistical Results	Relation to immunity
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	Pmel-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	OT-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
28783722	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	Mel624	2CT-CRISPR	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX+Anti-PD1	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX	NA/NS	NA/NS
25691366	RNAi	Breast cancer	MCF7	Luc-CTL assay	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Primary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Secondary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS

Summary
Symbol	HAS2
Name	hyaluronan synthase 2
Aliases	HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2
Chromosomal Location	8q24.12
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets. > Expression difference between responders and non-responders > Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

> Expression difference between responders and non-responders

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Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of HAS2 in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	Log2 (Fold Change)	P value
1	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	14	12	-0.968	0.0638
2	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	6	5	-1.648	0.133
3	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	7	-0.489	0.657
4	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	-0.948	0.0263
5	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	-1.396	0.314
6	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	-0.381	0.828
7	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	26	23	1.103	0.142
8	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	15	11	1.518	0.341
9	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	12	0.829	0.6
10	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	4	8	0.747	0.217
11	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	0	0	1
12	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	8	1.648	0.0298
13	29443960	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	68	230	-0.54	0.03

> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

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Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of HAS2 in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	% Mut/Res	% Mut/NRes	% Diff (R vs NR)	Pval
1	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	14	17	7.1	0	7.1	0.452
2	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	10	3	10	0	10	1
3	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	non-smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	4	14	0	0	0	1
4	26359337	Melanoma	all	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	73	3.7	0	3.7	0.27
5	26359337	Melanoma	BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	0	14	0	0	0	1
6	26359337	Melanoma	non-BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	59	3.7	0	3.7	0.314
7	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	21	17	0	0	0	1
8	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	6	0	0	0	1
9	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	13	11	0	0	0	1
10	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	0	0	0	1
11	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	0	0	0	1
12	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	0	0	0	1
13	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	38	27	0	3.7	-3.7	0.415
14	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	22	13	0	7.7	-7.7	0.371
15	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	16	14	0	0	0	1
16	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	13	0	0	0	1
17	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	6	1	0	0	0	1
18	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	5	12	0	0	0	1

Summary
Symbol	HAS2
Name	hyaluronan synthase 2
Aliases	HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2
Chromosomal Location	8q24.12
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of HAS2. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.

> Lymphocyte [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	HAS2
Name	hyaluronan synthase 2
Aliases	HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2
Chromosomal Location	8q24.12
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of HAS2. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by HAS2. > Immunoinhibitor > Immunostimulator > MHC molecule

> Immunoinhibitor [ TOP ]

> Immunostimulator [ TOP ]

> MHC molecule [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	HAS2
Name	hyaluronan synthase 2
Aliases	HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2
Chromosomal Location	8q24.12
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of HAS2. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene. > Chemokine > Receptor

> Chemokine [ TOP ]

> Receptor [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	HAS2
Name	hyaluronan synthase 2
Aliases	HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2
Chromosomal Location	8q24.12
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Distribution of HAS2 expression across immune and molecular subtypes. > Immune subtype > Molecular subtype

> Immune subtype [ TOP ]

> Molecular subtype [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	HAS2
Name	hyaluronan synthase 2
Aliases	HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2
Chromosomal Location	8q24.12
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Associations between HAS2 and clinical features. > Overall survival analysis > Cancer stage > Tumor grade

> Overall survival [ TOP ]

> Stage [ TOP ]

> Grade [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	HAS2
Name	hyaluronan synthase 2
Aliases	HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2
Chromosomal Location	8q24.12
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Drugs targeting HAS2 collected from DrugBank database.

> Drugs from DrugBank database [ TOP ]
There is no record.

Browse HAS2