Browse CCL2

Summary
SymbolCCL2
Namechemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
Aliases MCP1; MCP-1; SMC-CF; GDCF-2; HC11; MGC9434; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je; mono ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2-q21.1
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Basic function annotation.
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
> Gene Ontology
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
 
Subcellular Location Secreted
Domain PF00048 Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine)
Function

Chemotactic factor that attracts monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils. Augments monocyte anti-tumor activity. Has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis or atherosclerosis. May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis.

> Gene Ontology
 
Biological Process GO:0001101 response to acid chemical
GO:0001525 angiogenesis
GO:0001666 response to hypoxia
GO:0001819 positive regulation of cytokine production
GO:0001906 cell killing
GO:0001909 leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
GO:0001910 regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
GO:0001912 positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
GO:0001935 endothelial cell proliferation
GO:0001936 regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
GO:0001938 positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
GO:0002237 response to molecule of bacterial origin
GO:0002434 immune complex clearance
GO:0002436 immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages
GO:0002523 leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response
GO:0002548 monocyte chemotaxis
GO:0002683 negative regulation of immune system process
GO:0002685 regulation of leukocyte migration
GO:0002686 negative regulation of leukocyte migration
GO:0002687 positive regulation of leukocyte migration
GO:0002688 regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
GO:0002689 negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
GO:0002690 positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
GO:0002691 regulation of cellular extravasation
GO:0002693 positive regulation of cellular extravasation
GO:0002694 regulation of leukocyte activation
GO:0002696 positive regulation of leukocyte activation
GO:0002697 regulation of immune effector process
GO:0002699 positive regulation of immune effector process
GO:0006612 protein targeting to membrane
GO:0006816 calcium ion transport
GO:0006874 cellular calcium ion homeostasis
GO:0006875 cellular metal ion homeostasis
GO:0006909 phagocytosis
GO:0006959 humoral immune response
GO:0006984 ER-nucleus signaling pathway
GO:0006986 response to unfolded protein
GO:0007159 leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
GO:0007178 transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway
GO:0007179 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007187 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
GO:0007259 JAK-STAT cascade
GO:0007565 female pregnancy
GO:0007567 parturition
GO:0007568 aging
GO:0007584 response to nutrient
GO:0008347 glial cell migration
GO:0008360 regulation of cell shape
GO:0009266 response to temperature stimulus
GO:0009314 response to radiation
GO:0009408 response to heat
GO:0009612 response to mechanical stimulus
GO:0009991 response to extracellular stimulus
GO:0010212 response to ionizing radiation
GO:0010332 response to gamma radiation
GO:0010573 vascular endothelial growth factor production
GO:0010574 regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
GO:0010712 regulation of collagen metabolic process
GO:0010714 positive regulation of collagen metabolic process
GO:0010758 regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
GO:0010759 positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
GO:0010959 regulation of metal ion transport
GO:0014074 response to purine-containing compound
GO:0014823 response to activity
GO:0016525 negative regulation of angiogenesis
GO:0019058 viral life cycle
GO:0019079 viral genome replication
GO:0022407 regulation of cell-cell adhesion
GO:0022409 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
GO:0022604 regulation of cell morphogenesis
GO:0030100 regulation of endocytosis
GO:0030335 positive regulation of cell migration
GO:0030336 negative regulation of cell migration
GO:0030593 neutrophil chemotaxis
GO:0030595 leukocyte chemotaxis
GO:0030968 endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
GO:0031099 regeneration
GO:0031100 animal organ regeneration
GO:0031341 regulation of cell killing
GO:0031343 positive regulation of cell killing
GO:0031349 positive regulation of defense response
GO:0031663 lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0031667 response to nutrient levels
GO:0031960 response to corticosteroid
GO:0032102 negative regulation of response to external stimulus
GO:0032103 positive regulation of response to external stimulus
GO:0032386 regulation of intracellular transport
GO:0032388 positive regulation of intracellular transport
GO:0032496 response to lipopolysaccharide
GO:0032526 response to retinoic acid
GO:0032570 response to progesterone
GO:0032640 tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0032680 regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0032760 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0032868 response to insulin
GO:0032869 cellular response to insulin stimulus
GO:0032963 collagen metabolic process
GO:0032964 collagen biosynthetic process
GO:0032965 regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
GO:0032967 positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
GO:0033157 regulation of intracellular protein transport
GO:0033198 response to ATP
GO:0033273 response to vitamin
GO:0033552 response to vitamin B3
GO:0034341 response to interferon-gamma
GO:0034349 glial cell apoptotic process
GO:0034350 regulation of glial cell apoptotic process
GO:0034351 negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process
GO:0034612 response to tumor necrosis factor
GO:0034620 cellular response to unfolded protein
GO:0034976 response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
GO:0035684 helper T cell extravasation
GO:0035690 cellular response to drug
GO:0035747 natural killer cell chemotaxis
GO:0035966 response to topologically incorrect protein
GO:0035967 cellular response to topologically incorrect protein
GO:0036005 response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor
GO:0036006 cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus
GO:0036119 response to platelet-derived growth factor
GO:0036120 cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus
GO:0036293 response to decreased oxygen levels
GO:0036499 PERK-mediated unfolded protein response
GO:0040013 negative regulation of locomotion
GO:0040017 positive regulation of locomotion
GO:0042063 gliogenesis
GO:0042110 T cell activation
GO:0042493 response to drug
GO:0043200 response to amino acid
GO:0043270 positive regulation of ion transport
GO:0043277 apoptotic cell clearance
GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade
GO:0043434 response to peptide hormone
GO:0043491 protein kinase B signaling
GO:0043523 regulation of neuron apoptotic process
GO:0043524 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
GO:0043615 astrocyte cell migration
GO:0044236 multicellular organism metabolic process
GO:0044246 regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
GO:0044253 positive regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
GO:0044259 multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process
GO:0044344 cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus
GO:0044706 multi-multicellular organism process
GO:0045123 cellular extravasation
GO:0045471 response to ethanol
GO:0045765 regulation of angiogenesis
GO:0045785 positive regulation of cell adhesion
GO:0045807 positive regulation of endocytosis
GO:0046677 response to antibiotic
GO:0046683 response to organophosphorus
GO:0048010 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
GO:0048246 macrophage chemotaxis
GO:0048247 lymphocyte chemotaxis
GO:0048514 blood vessel morphogenesis
GO:0048545 response to steroid hormone
GO:0050673 epithelial cell proliferation
GO:0050678 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
GO:0050679 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
GO:0050727 regulation of inflammatory response
GO:0050729 positive regulation of inflammatory response
GO:0050764 regulation of phagocytosis
GO:0050766 positive regulation of phagocytosis
GO:0050804 modulation of synaptic transmission
GO:0050806 positive regulation of synaptic transmission
GO:0050863 regulation of T cell activation
GO:0050865 regulation of cell activation
GO:0050867 positive regulation of cell activation
GO:0050870 positive regulation of T cell activation
GO:0050900 leukocyte migration
GO:0050920 regulation of chemotaxis
GO:0050921 positive regulation of chemotaxis
GO:0050922 negative regulation of chemotaxis
GO:0051222 positive regulation of protein transport
GO:0051249 regulation of lymphocyte activation
GO:0051251 positive regulation of lymphocyte activation
GO:0051271 negative regulation of cellular component movement
GO:0051272 positive regulation of cellular component movement
GO:0051384 response to glucocorticoid
GO:0051402 neuron apoptotic process
GO:0051767 nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
GO:0051769 regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
GO:0051770 positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
GO:0051924 regulation of calcium ion transport
GO:0051928 positive regulation of calcium ion transport
GO:0055074 calcium ion homeostasis
GO:0055094 response to lipoprotein particle
GO:0055099 response to high density lipoprotein particle
GO:0060135 maternal process involved in female pregnancy
GO:0060137 maternal process involved in parturition
GO:0060326 cell chemotaxis
GO:0060627 regulation of vesicle-mediated transport
GO:0070098 chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0070371 ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
GO:0070372 regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
GO:0070374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
GO:0070482 response to oxygen levels
GO:0070486 leukocyte aggregation
GO:0070489 T cell aggregation
GO:0070509 calcium ion import
GO:0070555 response to interleukin-1
GO:0070741 response to interleukin-6
GO:0070838 divalent metal ion transport
GO:0070997 neuron death
GO:0071216 cellular response to biotic stimulus
GO:0071219 cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin
GO:0071222 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
GO:0071229 cellular response to acid chemical
GO:0071300 cellular response to retinoic acid
GO:0071318 cellular response to ATP
GO:0071346 cellular response to interferon-gamma
GO:0071347 cellular response to interleukin-1
GO:0071354 cellular response to interleukin-6
GO:0071356 cellular response to tumor necrosis factor
GO:0071375 cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus
GO:0071383 cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus
GO:0071384 cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus
GO:0071385 cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus
GO:0071396 cellular response to lipid
GO:0071402 cellular response to lipoprotein particle stimulus
GO:0071403 cellular response to high density lipoprotein particle stimulus
GO:0071407 cellular response to organic cyclic compound
GO:0071417 cellular response to organonitrogen compound
GO:0071548 response to dexamethasone
GO:0071549 cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus
GO:0071559 response to transforming growth factor beta
GO:0071560 cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
GO:0071593 lymphocyte aggregation
GO:0071621 granulocyte chemotaxis
GO:0071622 regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis
GO:0071674 mononuclear cell migration
GO:0071675 regulation of mononuclear cell migration
GO:0071677 positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration
GO:0071706 tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
GO:0071774 response to fibroblast growth factor
GO:0072503 cellular divalent inorganic cation homeostasis
GO:0072507 divalent inorganic cation homeostasis
GO:0072511 divalent inorganic cation transport
GO:0072657 protein localization to membrane
GO:0072676 lymphocyte migration
GO:0072678 T cell migration
GO:0072683 T cell extravasation
GO:0090025 regulation of monocyte chemotaxis
GO:0090026 positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis
GO:0090150 establishment of protein localization to membrane
GO:0090264 regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages
GO:0090265 positive regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages
GO:0090279 regulation of calcium ion import
GO:0090280 positive regulation of calcium ion import
GO:0090313 regulation of protein targeting to membrane
GO:0090314 positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane
GO:0090316 positive regulation of intracellular protein transport
GO:0097305 response to alcohol
GO:0097529 myeloid leukocyte migration
GO:0097530 granulocyte migration
GO:0097696 STAT cascade
GO:1901214 regulation of neuron death
GO:1901215 negative regulation of neuron death
GO:1901342 regulation of vasculature development
GO:1901343 negative regulation of vasculature development
GO:1901623 regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis
GO:1901624 negative regulation of lymphocyte chemotaxis
GO:1901652 response to peptide
GO:1901653 cellular response to peptide
GO:1901654 response to ketone
GO:1901655 cellular response to ketone
GO:1903037 regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
GO:1903039 positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
GO:1903533 regulation of protein targeting
GO:1903555 regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
GO:1903557 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
GO:1903829 positive regulation of cellular protein localization
GO:1904951 positive regulation of establishment of protein localization
GO:1990266 neutrophil migration
GO:2000146 negative regulation of cell motility
GO:2000147 positive regulation of cell motility
GO:2000181 negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis
GO:2000401 regulation of lymphocyte migration
GO:2000402 negative regulation of lymphocyte migration
GO:2000425 regulation of apoptotic cell clearance
GO:2000427 positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance
GO:2000501 regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis
GO:2000502 negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis
Molecular Function GO:0001664 G-protein coupled receptor binding
GO:0005125 cytokine activity
GO:0005126 cytokine receptor binding
GO:0005539 glycosaminoglycan binding
GO:0008009 chemokine activity
GO:0008201 heparin binding
GO:0031727 CCR2 chemokine receptor binding
GO:0042379 chemokine receptor binding
GO:0048020 CCR chemokine receptor binding
GO:1901681 sulfur compound binding
Cellular Component GO:0005791 rough endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0030139 endocytic vesicle
GO:0030424 axon
GO:0030425 dendrite
GO:0033267 axon part
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body
GO:0043204 perikaryon
GO:0043679 axon terminus
GO:0044297 cell body
GO:0044299 C-fiber
GO:0044306 neuron projection terminus
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
 
KEGG hsa04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
hsa04062 Chemokine signaling pathway
hsa04621 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
hsa04668 TNF signaling pathway
Reactome R-HSA-380994: ATF4 activates genes
R-HSA-1280215: Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
R-HSA-168256: Immune System
R-HSA-6783783: Interleukin-10 signaling
R-HSA-6785807: Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling
R-HSA-392499: Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-381042: PERK regulates gene expression
R-HSA-449147: Signaling by Interleukins
R-HSA-381119: Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)
Summary
SymbolCCL2
Namechemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
Aliases MCP1; MCP-1; SMC-CF; GDCF-2; HC11; MGC9434; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je; mono ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2-q21.1
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Literatures that report relations between CCL2 and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.
> Text Mining
 
  Literatures describing the relation between CCL2 and anti-tumor immunity in human cancer.
PMID Cancer type Relation to immunity Evidence sentences
27216177Hepatocellular CarcinomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)In a murine liver tumor model, we found that FAP(+)CAFs were a major source of CCL2 and that fibroblastic STAT3-CCL2 signaling in this setting promoted tumor growth by enhancing recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC).
26924089Hepatocellular CarcinomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)TAN-conditioned media, as well as recombinant CCL2 and CCL17, increased the migratory activity of the macrophages and T-regulatory (Treg) cells from patients or mice with HCC to a greater extent that PBN-conditioned media. Neutralizing antibodies against CCL2 and CCL17, or their receptors C-C chemokine receptor 2 and C-C chemokine receptor 4, reduced the migratory activities of macrophage and Treg cells.
26334519MelanomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)In the tumor microenvironment, the combination therapy led to significantly downregulated levels of immunosuppressive factors, such as decreased numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells (Treg) cells and declined levels of interleukin-6 and chemokine ligand 2-in correlation with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and IFN-γ as well as an elevation in the CD8(+) T-cell population.
26056232Breast CarcinomaInhibit immunityPulmonary metastasis of breast cancer cells is promoted by a distinct population of macrophages, metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs), which originate from inflammatory monocytes (IMs) recruited by the CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). We demonstrate here that, through activation of the CCL2 receptor CCR2, the recruited MAMs secrete another chemokine ligand CCL3. Genetic deletion of CCL3 or its receptor CCR1 in macrophages reduces the number of lung metastasis foci, as well as the number of MAMs accumulated in tumor-challenged lung in mice.
26452628Hepatocellular carcinomaInhibit immunity (T cell function); immunotherapy targetTargeting of tumour-infiltrating macrophages via CCL2/CCR2 signalling as a therapeutic strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma. CCL2 is overexpressed in human liver cancers and is prognostic for patients with HCC. Blockade of CCL2/CCR2 signalling with knockout of CCR2 or with a CCR2 antagonist inhibits malignant growth and metastasis, reduces postsurgical recurrence, and enhances survival. Further, therapeutic blocking of the CCL2/CCR2 axis inhibits the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, infiltration and M2-polarisation of TAMs, resulting in reversal of the immunosuppression status of the tumour microenvironment and activation of an antitumorous CD8+ T cell response. The results demonstrate the translational potential of CCL2/CCR2 blockade for treatment of HCCs.
28526770Ovarian CarcinomaInhibit immunityWe demonstrate superior antitumor efficacy for IgE compared with an otherwise identical IgG in a syngeneic immunocompetent animal, and we identify TNFα/MCP-1 signaling as an IgE-mediated mechanism of monocyte and macrophage activation and recruitment to tumors.
23514705Pancreatic CarcinomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)Luminex analysis indicated that PSC but not human fetal primary pancreatic fibroblast cells (HPF; negative controls) produced MDSC-promoting cytokines [interleukin (IL-6), VEGF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) ] and chemokines (SDF-1, MCP-1).
23454771MelanomaInhibit immunity (infiltration)We found that PLX4720 treatment downregulated tumor Ccl2 gene expression and decreased tumor CCL2 expression in both Braf(V600E) mouse melanoma transplants and in de novo melanomas in a manner that was coincident with reduced tumor growth. While PLX4720 did not directly increase tumor immunogenicity, analysis of SM1 tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in PLX4720-treated mice demonstrated a robust increase in CD8(+) T/FoxP3(+)CD4(+) T cell ratio and NK cells.
21159663MelanomaInhibit immunityInduction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-10 by TGFbeta1 in melanoma enhances tumor infiltration and immunosuppression.
21159663MelanomaInhibit immunityInduction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-10 by TGFbeta1 in melanoma enhances tumor infiltration and immunosuppression. Supernatants from TGFβ1-treated A375 cells enhanced MCP-1-dependent migration of monocytes, which, in turn, expressed high levels of TGF,β1, bFGF, and VEGF mRNA. Moreover, these supernatants also inhibited functional properties of dendritic cells through IL-10-dependent mechanisms. When using in vitro, the TGFβ1-blocking peptide P144, TGFβ1-dependent Smad3 phosphorylation, and expression of MCP-1 and IL-10 were inhibited.
29036438Gastric CarcinomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)We generated a xenograft mouse model and used SEW-2871, a S1P1 specific agonist to activate S1P1 signalling. SEW-2871 promoted tumor growth in our mouse model, and induced a higher level of MDSC and a reduced level of CD8+CD69+ T cells within tumor. Additionally, SEW-2871 enhanced expression of several MDSC recruitment-associated chemokines (CXCL12, CXCL5 and CCL2) in tumor cells. These chemokines facilitated MDSC migration by interaction with CCR2, CXCR2 and CXCR4. S1P1 signalling promoted gastric cancer by enhancing chemokine expression in tumor cells and recruiting MDSC to tumor microenvironment, which impaired anti-tumoral function of TILs.
27530322GlioblastomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)CCL2 Produced by the Glioma Microenvironment Is Essential for the Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. In many aggressive cancers, such as glioblastoma multiforme, progression is enabled by local immunosuppression driven by the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Here we report that macrophages and microglia within the glioma microenvironment produce CCL2, a chemokine that is critical for recruiting both CCR4+?Treg and CCR2+Ly-6C+?monocytic MDSCs in this disease setting. In murine gliomas, we established novel roles for tumor-derived CCL20 and osteoprotegerin in inducing CCL2 production from macrophages and microglia.
23686489MelanomaPromote immunity (T cell function)We show that the inflammatory chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are necessary for the accumulation of γδ TILs in B16 lesions, where they produce IFN-γ and display potent cytotoxic functions. Strikingly, the lack of γδ TILs in TCRδ-deficient but also in CCR2-deficient mice enhanced tumor growth in vivo, thus revealing an unanticipated protective role for CCR2/CCL2 through the recruitment of γδ T cells.
17909051Prostate CarcinomaInhibit immunityUsing neutralizing antibodies to human CCL2 (CNTO888) and the mouse homologue CCL2/JE (C1142), we show that treatment with anti-CCL2/JE antibody (2 mg/kg, twice weekly i.p.) attenuated PC-3Luc-mediated overall tumor burden in our in vivo model of prostate cancer metastasis by 96% at 5 weeks postintracardiac injection. Anti-CCL2 inhibition was not as effective as docetaxel (40 mg/kg, every week for 3 weeks) as a single agent, but inhibition of CCL2 in combination with docetaxel significantly reduced overall tumor burden compared with docetaxel alone, and induced tumor regression relative to initial tumor burden.
17709550Burkitt Lymphoma; Neuroblastoma; Amelanotic MelanomaInhibit immunity (infilration)We compared the chemokines secreted by tumor cell lines with high chemotactic activity with those that failed to elicit T cell chemotaxis (Daudi lymphoma, 10HTB neuroblastoma, and A2058 melanoma cells) and found a correlation between tumor-derived production of MCP-1/CCL2 (> or =10 ng/ml) and T cell chemotaxis. Chemokine immunodepletion studies confirmed that tumor-derived MCP-1 elicits effector T cell chemotaxis. Moreover, MCP-1 is sufficient for in vivo T cell tumor tropism as evidenced by the selective accumulation of i.v. administered firefly luciferase-expressing T cells in intracerebral xenografts of tumor transfectants secreting MCP-1.
23986400MelanomaInhibit immunityMechanistic studies in mice revealed that up-regulated expression of IDO and PD-L1, as well as recruitment of T(regs), in the tumor microenvironment depended on the presence of CD8(+) T cells. The former was driven by interferon-γ and the latter by a production of CCR4-binding chemokines along with a component of induced proliferation.
21480223Bladder CarcinomaInhibit immunityBoth myeloid cell subsets from cancer patients were highly activated and produced substantial amounts of proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, G-CSF, IL-8 and IL-6. Both myeloid cell subsets from cancer patients were highly activated and produced substantial amounts of proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, G-CSF, IL-8 and IL-6.
21324923GliomaInhibit immunityASA treatment also reduced the MDSC-attracting chemokine CCL2 (C-C motif ligand 2) in the TME along with numbers of CD11b(+)Ly6G(hi)Ly6C(lo) granulocytic MDSCs in both the bone marrow and the TME.
20028856Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; MesotheliomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)CCL2 blockade augments cancer immunotherapy. CCL2 seems to be a key proximal cytokine mediating immunosuppression in tumors. Its blockade augments CD8+ T-cell immune response to tumors elicited by vaccines via multifactorial mechanisms.
27980102Hepatocellular CarcinomaInhibit immunity; Candidate for immunotherapy targetC-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP1), a chemokine that recruits CCR2-positive immune cells to promote inflammation, is highly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Furthermore, treatment of tumor-bearing KO mice with CCL2 nAb for 8 weeks significantly reduced liver damage, hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, and tumor burden. Phospho-STAT3 (Y705) and c-MYC, the downstream targets of IL6, as well as NF-κB, the downstream target of TNFα, were downregulated upon CCL2 inhibition, which correlated with suppression of tumor growth. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CCL2 immunotherapy could be an effective therapeutic approach against inflammatory liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
21930770colon carcinomaInhibit immunityIntratumoral RNS production induces CCL2 chemokine nitration and hinders T cell infiltration, resulting in the trapping of tumor-specific T cells in the stroma that surrounds cancer cells. Preconditioning of the tumor microenvironment with novel drugs that inhibit CCL2 modification facilitates CTL invasion of the tumor, suggesting that these drugs may be effective in cancer immunotherapy
21900394renal cell carcinomaInhibit immunityInhibition of lipoxygenase activity significantly reduced production of CCL2 and IL-10 by RCC TAMs. In addition, TAMs isolated from RCC were capable of inducing in T lymphocytes, the pivotal T regulatory cell transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and the inhibitory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) coreceptor.
Summary
SymbolCCL2
Namechemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
Aliases MCP1; MCP-1; SMC-CF; GDCF-2; HC11; MGC9434; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je; mono ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2-q21.1
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.
> High-throughput Screening
  Statistical results of CCL2 in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
PMID Screening System Cancer Type Cell Line Data Set Statistical Results Relation to immunity
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10Pmel-1 T cell NA/NS NA/NS
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10OT-1 T cell NA/NS NA/NS
28783722CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaMel6242CT-CRISPR NA/NS NA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX+Anti-PD1 NA/NS NA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX NA/NS NA/NS
25691366RNAiBreast cancerMCF7Luc-CTL assay NA Resistant to T cell-mediated killing
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Primary screen NA/NS NA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Secondary screen NA/NS NA/NS
Summary
SymbolCCL2
Namechemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
Aliases MCP1; MCP-1; SMC-CF; GDCF-2; HC11; MGC9434; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je; mono ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2-q21.1
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets.
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of CCL2 in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes Log2 (Fold Change) P value Anno
126997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)1412-0.8960.0974
226997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)65-1.4220.636
326997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)87-0.4890.794
428552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 9160.0440.963
528552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 59-1.9130.228
628552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 472.5330.253
729033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2623-0.280.592
829033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1511-0.2880.853
929033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1112-0.1870.908
1029301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 480.4450.866
1129301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2001
1229301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 280.790.838
1329443960Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 68230-0.2740.215
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
 

There is no record.
Summary
SymbolCCL2
Namechemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
Aliases MCP1; MCP-1; SMC-CF; GDCF-2; HC11; MGC9434; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je; mono ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2-q21.1
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of CCL2. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.
> Lymphocyte
 
Summary
SymbolCCL2
Namechemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
Aliases MCP1; MCP-1; SMC-CF; GDCF-2; HC11; MGC9434; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je; mono ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2-q21.1
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of CCL2. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by CCL2.
> Immunoinhibitor
> Immunostimulator
> MHC molecule
> Immunoinhibitor
 
> Immunostimulator
 
> MHC molecule
 
Summary
SymbolCCL2
Namechemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
Aliases MCP1; MCP-1; SMC-CF; GDCF-2; HC11; MGC9434; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je; mono ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2-q21.1
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of CCL2. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene.
> Chemokine
> Receptor
> Chemokine
 
> Receptor
 
Summary
SymbolCCL2
Namechemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
Aliases MCP1; MCP-1; SMC-CF; GDCF-2; HC11; MGC9434; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je; mono ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2-q21.1
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Distribution of CCL2 expression across immune and molecular subtypes.
> Immune subtype
> Molecular subtype
> Immune subtype
 
> Molecular subtype
 
Summary
SymbolCCL2
Namechemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
Aliases MCP1; MCP-1; SMC-CF; GDCF-2; HC11; MGC9434; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je; mono ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2-q21.1
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Associations between CCL2 and clinical features.
> Overall survival analysis
> Cancer stage
> Tumor grade
> Overall survival
 
> Stage
 
> Grade
 
Summary
SymbolCCL2
Namechemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
Aliases MCP1; MCP-1; SMC-CF; GDCF-2; HC11; MGC9434; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je; mono ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2-q21.1
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Drugs targeting CCL2 collected from DrugBank database.
> Drugs from DrugBank database
 

  Details on drugs targeting CCL2.
ID Name Drug Type Targets #Targets
DB01055MimosineSmall MoleculeCCL2, SHMT1, TYR3
DB01406DanazolSmall MoleculeAR, CCL2, ESR1, GNRHR, PGR5
DB09301Chondroitin sulfateSmall MoleculeBDNF, CCL2, GDNF, VEGFA4