Browse GALE

Summary
SymbolGALE
NameUDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Aliases SDR1E1; short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 1E, member 1; UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; galactose-4-epimer ......
Chromosomal Location1p36-p35
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Basic function annotation.
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
> Gene Ontology
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
 
Subcellular Location -
Domain PF16363 GDP-mannose 4
Function

Catalyzes two distinct but analogous reactions: the reversible epimerization of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose and the reversible epimerization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine. The reaction with UDP-Gal plays a critical role in the Leloir pathway of galactose catabolism in which galactose is converted to the glycolytic intermediate glucose 6-phosphate. It contributes to the catabolism of dietary galactose and enables the endogenous biosynthesis of both UDP-Gal and UDP-GalNAc when exogenous sources are limited. Both UDP-sugar interconversions are important in the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

> Gene Ontology
 
Biological Process GO:0005996 monosaccharide metabolic process
GO:0006012 galactose metabolic process
GO:0016052 carbohydrate catabolic process
GO:0019318 hexose metabolic process
GO:0019320 hexose catabolic process
GO:0019388 galactose catabolic process
GO:0044282 small molecule catabolic process
GO:0044723 single-organism carbohydrate metabolic process
GO:0044724 single-organism carbohydrate catabolic process
GO:0046365 monosaccharide catabolic process
Molecular Function GO:0003974 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase activity
GO:0003978 UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity
GO:0016853 isomerase activity
GO:0016854 racemase and epimerase activity
GO:0016857 racemase and epimerase activity, acting on carbohydrates and derivatives
Cellular Component -
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
 
KEGG hsa00052 Galactose metabolism
hsa00520 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
hsa01100 Metabolic pathways
Reactome R-HSA-70370: Galactose catabolism
R-HSA-1430728: Metabolism
R-HSA-71387: Metabolism of carbohydrates
Summary
SymbolGALE
NameUDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Aliases SDR1E1; short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 1E, member 1; UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; galactose-4-epimer ......
Chromosomal Location1p36-p35
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Literatures that report relations between GALE and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.
> Text Mining
 

There is no record.
Summary
SymbolGALE
NameUDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Aliases SDR1E1; short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 1E, member 1; UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; galactose-4-epimer ......
Chromosomal Location1p36-p35
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.
> High-throughput Screening
  Statistical results of GALE in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
PMID Screening System Cancer Type Cell Line Data Set Statistical Results Relation to immunity
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10Pmel-1 T cell logFC: -3.22; FDR: 0.02000 Resistant to T cell-mediated killing
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10OT-1 T cell NA/NS NA/NS
28783722CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaMel6242CT-CRISPR NA/NS NA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX+Anti-PD1 NA/NS NA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX NA/NS NA/NS
25691366RNAiBreast cancerMCF7Luc-CTL assay NA/NS NA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Primary screen NA/NS NA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Secondary screen NA/NS NA/NS
Summary
SymbolGALE
NameUDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Aliases SDR1E1; short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 1E, member 1; UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; galactose-4-epimer ......
Chromosomal Location1p36-p35
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets.
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of GALE in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes Log2 (Fold Change) P value Anno
126997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)1412-0.1460.645
226997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)65-0.1030.966
326997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)87-0.1770.92
428552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 9160.4380.328
528552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 59-0.0630.966
628552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 471.0740.581
729033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2623-0.0170.965
829033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1511-0.4640.748
929033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11120.4060.81
1029301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 48-0.2790.868
1129301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2001
1229301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 28-0.3710.887
1329443960Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 682300.0710.572
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
 

There is no record.
Summary
SymbolGALE
NameUDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Aliases SDR1E1; short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 1E, member 1; UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; galactose-4-epimer ......
Chromosomal Location1p36-p35
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GALE. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.
> Lymphocyte
 
Summary
SymbolGALE
NameUDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Aliases SDR1E1; short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 1E, member 1; UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; galactose-4-epimer ......
Chromosomal Location1p36-p35
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GALE. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by GALE.
> Immunoinhibitor
> Immunostimulator
> MHC molecule
> Immunoinhibitor
 
> Immunostimulator
 
> MHC molecule
 
Summary
SymbolGALE
NameUDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Aliases SDR1E1; short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 1E, member 1; UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; galactose-4-epimer ......
Chromosomal Location1p36-p35
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GALE. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene.
> Chemokine
> Receptor
> Chemokine
 
> Receptor
 
Summary
SymbolGALE
NameUDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Aliases SDR1E1; short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 1E, member 1; UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; galactose-4-epimer ......
Chromosomal Location1p36-p35
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Distribution of GALE expression across immune and molecular subtypes.
> Immune subtype
> Molecular subtype
> Immune subtype
 
> Molecular subtype
 
Summary
SymbolGALE
NameUDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Aliases SDR1E1; short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 1E, member 1; UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; galactose-4-epimer ......
Chromosomal Location1p36-p35
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Associations between GALE and clinical features.
> Overall survival analysis
> Cancer stage
> Tumor grade
> Overall survival
 
> Stage
 
> Grade
 
Summary
SymbolGALE
NameUDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Aliases SDR1E1; short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 1E, member 1; UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; galactose-4-epimer ......
Chromosomal Location1p36-p35
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Drugs targeting GALE collected from DrugBank database.
> Drugs from DrugBank database
 

  Details on drugs targeting GALE.
ID Name Drug Type Targets #Targets
DB01861Uridine diphosphate glucoseSmall MoleculeGALE, GLT6D1, GYG13
DB02196Uridine-Diphosphate-N-AcetylgalactosamineSmall MoleculeABO, EXTL2, GALE, UAP14
DB03041UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acidSmall MoleculeB3GAT3, GALE2
DB03095Tetramethylammonium IonSmall MoleculeGALE1
DB03397Uridine-Diphosphate-N-AcetylglucosamineSmall MoleculeEXTL2, GALE, MGAT1, UAP14
DB03501Galactose-uridine-5'-diphosphateSmall MoleculeABO, B4GALT1, GALE3