TISIDB

Summary
Symbol	GDF2
Name	growth differentiation factor 2
Aliases	BMP-9; BMP9; HHT5; GDF-2; bone morphogenetic protein 9; Growth/differentiation factor 2
Chromosomal Location	10q11.22
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Basic function annotation. > Subcellular Location, Domain and Function > Gene Ontology > KEGG and Reactome Pathway

> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function [ TOP ]
Subcellular Location	Secreted
Domain	PF00019 Transforming growth factor beta like domain PF00688 TGF-beta propeptide
Function	Potent circulating inhibitor of angiogenesis. Signals through the type I activin receptor ACVRL1 but not other Alks. Signaling through SMAD1 in endothelial cells requires TGF-beta coreceptor endoglin/ENG.

> Gene Ontology [ TOP ]
Biological Process	GO:0001501 skeletal system development GO:0001503 ossification GO:0001525 angiogenesis GO:0001558 regulation of cell growth GO:0001569 patterning of blood vessels GO:0001570 vasculogenesis GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation GO:0001667 ameboidal-type cell migration GO:0001763 morphogenesis of a branching structure GO:0001819 positive regulation of cytokine production GO:0001935 endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001936 regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001937 negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0001938 positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0003158 endothelium development GO:0006260 DNA replication GO:0006275 regulation of DNA replication GO:0006875 cellular metal ion homeostasis GO:0006879 cellular iron ion homeostasis GO:0007178 transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway GO:0007389 pattern specification process GO:0008156 negative regulation of DNA replication GO:0010594 regulation of endothelial cell migration GO:0010596 negative regulation of endothelial cell migration GO:0010631 epithelial cell migration GO:0010632 regulation of epithelial cell migration GO:0010633 negative regulation of epithelial cell migration GO:0010862 positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation GO:0016049 cell growth GO:0016525 negative regulation of angiogenesis GO:0030278 regulation of ossification GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth GO:0030336 negative regulation of cell migration GO:0030509 BMP signaling pathway GO:0030510 regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030513 positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway GO:0030856 regulation of epithelial cell differentiation GO:0030858 positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation GO:0032637 interleukin-8 production GO:0032677 regulation of interleukin-8 production GO:0032757 positive regulation of interleukin-8 production GO:0032924 activin receptor signaling pathway GO:0035239 tube morphogenesis GO:0040013 negative regulation of locomotion GO:0043534 blood vessel endothelial cell migration GO:0043535 regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration GO:0043537 negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration GO:0043542 endothelial cell migration GO:0045446 endothelial cell differentiation GO:0045601 regulation of endothelial cell differentiation GO:0045603 positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation GO:0045667 regulation of osteoblast differentiation GO:0045669 positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation GO:0045765 regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045766 positive regulation of angiogenesis GO:0045778 positive regulation of ossification GO:0045926 negative regulation of growth GO:0046916 cellular transition metal ion homeostasis GO:0048514 blood vessel morphogenesis GO:0048754 branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube GO:0050673 epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050678 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050679 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050680 negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0051052 regulation of DNA metabolic process GO:0051053 negative regulation of DNA metabolic process GO:0051216 cartilage development GO:0051271 negative regulation of cellular component movement GO:0055072 iron ion homeostasis GO:0055076 transition metal ion homeostasis GO:0060389 pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation GO:0060393 regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation GO:0060395 SMAD protein signal transduction GO:0060562 epithelial tube morphogenesis GO:0061035 regulation of cartilage development GO:0061036 positive regulation of cartilage development GO:0061138 morphogenesis of a branching epithelium GO:0061448 connective tissue development GO:0071772 response to BMP GO:0071773 cellular response to BMP stimulus GO:0071897 DNA biosynthetic process GO:0090092 regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway GO:0090100 positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway GO:0090130 tissue migration GO:0090132 epithelium migration GO:0090287 regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus GO:1901342 regulation of vasculature development GO:1901343 negative regulation of vasculature development GO:1904018 positive regulation of vasculature development GO:2000146 negative regulation of cell motility GO:2000181 negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis GO:2000278 regulation of DNA biosynthetic process GO:2000279 negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process
Molecular Function	GO:0005125 cytokine activity GO:0005126 cytokine receptor binding GO:0005160 transforming growth factor beta receptor binding GO:0008083 growth factor activity
Cellular Component	-

> KEGG and Reactome Pathway [ TOP ]
KEGG	-
Reactome	-

Summary
Symbol	GDF2
Name	growth differentiation factor 2
Aliases	BMP-9; BMP9; HHT5; GDF-2; bone morphogenetic protein 9; Growth/differentiation factor 2
Chromosomal Location	10q11.22
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Literatures that report relations between GDF2 and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.

> Text Mining [ TOP ]
There is no record.

Summary
Symbol	GDF2
Name	growth differentiation factor 2
Aliases	BMP-9; BMP9; HHT5; GDF-2; bone morphogenetic protein 9; Growth/differentiation factor 2
Chromosomal Location	10q11.22
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.

> High-throughput Screening

[ TOP ]

Statistical results of GDF2 in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.

PMID	Screening System	Cancer Type	Cell Line	Data Set	Statistical Results	Relation to immunity
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	Pmel-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
29301958	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16F10	OT-1 T cell	NA/NS	NA/NS
28783722	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	Mel624	2CT-CRISPR	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX+Anti-PD1	NA/NS	NA/NS
28723893	CRISPR-Cas9	melanoma	B16	GVAX	NA/NS	NA/NS
25691366	RNAi	Breast cancer	MCF7	Luc-CTL assay	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Primary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS
24476824	shRNA	melanoma	B16	Secondary screen	NA/NS	NA/NS

Summary
Symbol	GDF2
Name	growth differentiation factor 2
Aliases	BMP-9; BMP9; HHT5; GDF-2; bone morphogenetic protein 9; Growth/differentiation factor 2
Chromosomal Location	10q11.22
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets. > Expression difference between responders and non-responders > Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

> Expression difference between responders and non-responders

[ TOP ]

Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of GDF2 in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	Log2 (Fold Change)	P value
1	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	14	12	0.169	0.382
2	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	6	5	0	1
3	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	7	0.295	0.517
4	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	-1.966	0.0394
5	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	-2.215	0.131
6	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	-1.658	0.354
7	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	26	23	0	1
8	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	15	11	0	1
9	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	12	0	1
10	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	4	8	0	1
11	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	0	0	1
12	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	2	8	0	1
13	29443960	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	68	230	-0.225	0.171

> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders

[ TOP ]

Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of GDF2 in various data sets.

No	PMID	Cancer type	Group	Drug	# Res	# NRes	% Mut/Res	% Mut/NRes	% Diff (R vs NR)	Pval
1	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	14	17	0	0	0	1
2	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	10	3	0	0	0	1
3	25765070	Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)	non-smoking	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab)	4	14	0	0	0	1
4	26359337	Melanoma	all	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	73	3.7	0	3.7	0.27
5	26359337	Melanoma	BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	0	14	0	0	0	1
6	26359337	Melanoma	non-BRAFi	Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab)	27	59	3.7	0	3.7	0.314
7	26997480	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	21	17	0	5.9	-5.9	0.447
8	26997480	Melanoma	MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	8	6	0	0	0	1
9	26997480	Melanoma	non-MAPKi	Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)	13	11	0	9.1	-9.1	0.458
10	28552987	Urothelial cancer	all	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	9	16	0	0	0	1
11	28552987	Urothelial cancer	smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	5	9	0	0	0	1
12	28552987	Urothelial cancer	non-smoking	Anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab)	4	7	0	0	0	1
13	29033130	Melanoma	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	38	27	5.3	0	5.3	0.507
14	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-PROG	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	22	13	9.1	0	9.1	0.519
15	29033130	Melanoma	NIV3-NAIVE	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	16	14	0	0	0	1
16	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	all	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	11	13	0	0	0	1
17	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	6	1	0	0	0	1
18	29301960	Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)	non-VEGFRi	Anti-PD-1 (nivolumab)	5	12	0	0	0	1

Summary
Symbol	GDF2
Name	growth differentiation factor 2
Aliases	BMP-9; BMP9; HHT5; GDF-2; bone morphogenetic protein 9; Growth/differentiation factor 2
Chromosomal Location	10q11.22
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GDF2. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.

> Lymphocyte [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	GDF2
Name	growth differentiation factor 2
Aliases	BMP-9; BMP9; HHT5; GDF-2; bone morphogenetic protein 9; Growth/differentiation factor 2
Chromosomal Location	10q11.22
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GDF2. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by GDF2. > Immunoinhibitor > Immunostimulator > MHC molecule

> Immunoinhibitor [ TOP ]

> Immunostimulator [ TOP ]

> MHC molecule [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	GDF2
Name	growth differentiation factor 2
Aliases	BMP-9; BMP9; HHT5; GDF-2; bone morphogenetic protein 9; Growth/differentiation factor 2
Chromosomal Location	10q11.22
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of GDF2. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene. > Chemokine > Receptor

> Chemokine [ TOP ]

> Receptor [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	GDF2
Name	growth differentiation factor 2
Aliases	BMP-9; BMP9; HHT5; GDF-2; bone morphogenetic protein 9; Growth/differentiation factor 2
Chromosomal Location	10q11.22
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Distribution of GDF2 expression across immune and molecular subtypes. > Immune subtype > Molecular subtype

> Immune subtype [ TOP ]

> Molecular subtype [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	GDF2
Name	growth differentiation factor 2
Aliases	BMP-9; BMP9; HHT5; GDF-2; bone morphogenetic protein 9; Growth/differentiation factor 2
Chromosomal Location	10q11.22
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Associations between GDF2 and clinical features. > Overall survival analysis > Cancer stage > Tumor grade

> Overall survival [ TOP ]

> Stage [ TOP ]

> Grade [ TOP ]

Summary
Symbol	GDF2
Name	growth differentiation factor 2
Aliases	BMP-9; BMP9; HHT5; GDF-2; bone morphogenetic protein 9; Growth/differentiation factor 2
Chromosomal Location	10q11.22
External Links	HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content	Drugs targeting GDF2 collected from DrugBank database.

> Drugs from DrugBank database [ TOP ]
There is no record.

Browse GDF2