Browse LGALS9

Summary
SymbolLGALS9
Namelectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
Aliases LGALS9A; galectin 9; HUATA; ecalectin; gal-9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein; Ga ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Basic function annotation.
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
> Gene Ontology
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
> Subcellular Location, Domain and Function
 
Subcellular Location Cytoplasm Nucleus Secreted Note=May also be secreted by a non-classical secretory pathway (By similarity). Secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells upon IFNG stimulation (PubMed:23817958). ; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 2: Secreted ; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 3: Secreted
Domain PF00337 Galactoside-binding lectin
Function

Binds galactosides (PubMed:18005988). Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide (PubMed:18005988). Ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3 (PubMed:16286920). Binding to HAVCR2 induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death (PubMed:16286920). Also stimulates bactericidal activity in infected macrophages by causing macrophage activation and IL1B secretion which restricts intracellular bacterial growth (By similarity). Ligand for P4HB; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T-helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox state and enhancing cell migration (PubMed:21670307). Ligand for CD44; the interaction enhances binding of SMAD3 to the FOXP3 promoter, leading to up-regulation of FOXP3 expression and increased induced regulatory T (iTreg) cell stability and suppressive function (By similarity). Promotes ability of mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation (PubMed:23817958). Expands regulatory T-cells and induces cytotoxic T-cell apoptosis following virus infection (PubMed:20209097). Activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation inducing cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) and chemokine (CCL2) production in mast and dendritic cells (PubMed:24465902, PubMed:16116184). Inhibits degranulation and induces apoptosis of mast cells (PubMed:24465902). Induces maturation and migration of dendritic cells (PubMed:25754930, PubMed:16116184). Inhibits natural killer (NK) cell function (PubMed:23408620). Can transform NK cell phenotype from peripheral to decidual during pregnancy (PubMed:25578313). Astrocyte derived galectin-9 enhances microglial TNF production (By similarity). May play a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus. May provide the molecular basis for urate flux across cell membranes, allowing urate that is formed during purine metabolism to efflux from cells and serving as an electrogenic transporter that plays an important role in renal and gastrointestinal urate excretion (By similarity). Highly selective to the anion urate (By similarity). ; FUNCTION: Isoform 2: Acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant (PubMed:9642261). It also inhibits angiogenesis (PubMed:24333696). Suppresses IFNG production by natural killer cells (By similarity).

> Gene Ontology
 
Biological Process GO:0001776 leukocyte homeostasis
GO:0001818 negative regulation of cytokine production
GO:0001819 positive regulation of cytokine production
GO:0001906 cell killing
GO:0001909 leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
GO:0001910 regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
GO:0001911 negative regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
GO:0002228 natural killer cell mediated immunity
GO:0002237 response to molecule of bacterial origin
GO:0002260 lymphocyte homeostasis
GO:0002263 cell activation involved in immune response
GO:0002274 myeloid leukocyte activation
GO:0002275 myeloid cell activation involved in immune response
GO:0002279 mast cell activation involved in immune response
GO:0002285 lymphocyte activation involved in immune response
GO:0002286 T cell activation involved in immune response
GO:0002287 alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response
GO:0002291 T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
GO:0002292 T cell differentiation involved in immune response
GO:0002293 alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
GO:0002294 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response
GO:0002298 CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
GO:0002361 CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
GO:0002366 leukocyte activation involved in immune response
GO:0002407 dendritic cell chemotaxis
GO:0002443 leukocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002444 myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002448 mast cell mediated immunity
GO:0002449 lymphocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002507 tolerance induction
GO:0002519 natural killer cell tolerance induction
GO:0002521 leukocyte differentiation
GO:0002683 negative regulation of immune system process
GO:0002685 regulation of leukocyte migration
GO:0002687 positive regulation of leukocyte migration
GO:0002688 regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
GO:0002690 positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
GO:0002694 regulation of leukocyte activation
GO:0002695 negative regulation of leukocyte activation
GO:0002696 positive regulation of leukocyte activation
GO:0002697 regulation of immune effector process
GO:0002698 negative regulation of immune effector process
GO:0002699 positive regulation of immune effector process
GO:0002703 regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002704 negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002706 regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002707 negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002715 regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
GO:0002716 negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
GO:0002886 regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
GO:0002887 negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
GO:0006606 protein import into nucleus
GO:0006887 exocytosis
GO:0006913 nucleocytoplasmic transport
GO:0007159 leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
GO:0007162 negative regulation of cell adhesion
GO:0007249 I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
GO:0007565 female pregnancy
GO:0009306 protein secretion
GO:0009615 response to virus
GO:0010950 positive regulation of endopeptidase activity
GO:0010952 positive regulation of peptidase activity
GO:0017038 protein import
GO:0017157 regulation of exocytosis
GO:0019058 viral life cycle
GO:0022407 regulation of cell-cell adhesion
GO:0022408 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion
GO:0022409 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
GO:0030098 lymphocyte differentiation
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation
GO:0030260 entry into host cell
GO:0030335 positive regulation of cell migration
GO:0030595 leukocyte chemotaxis
GO:0031098 stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade
GO:0031341 regulation of cell killing
GO:0031342 negative regulation of cell killing
GO:0031348 negative regulation of defense response
GO:0031503 protein complex localization
GO:0032103 positive regulation of response to external stimulus
GO:0032386 regulation of intracellular transport
GO:0032387 negative regulation of intracellular transport
GO:0032388 positive regulation of intracellular transport
GO:0032418 lysosome localization
GO:0032496 response to lipopolysaccharide
GO:0032602 chemokine production
GO:0032609 interferon-gamma production
GO:0032611 interleukin-1 beta production
GO:0032612 interleukin-1 production
GO:0032613 interleukin-10 production
GO:0032615 interleukin-12 production
GO:0032616 interleukin-13 production
GO:0032633 interleukin-4 production
GO:0032635 interleukin-6 production
GO:0032637 interleukin-8 production
GO:0032640 tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0032642 regulation of chemokine production
GO:0032649 regulation of interferon-gamma production
GO:0032651 regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
GO:0032652 regulation of interleukin-1 production
GO:0032653 regulation of interleukin-10 production
GO:0032655 regulation of interleukin-12 production
GO:0032656 regulation of interleukin-13 production
GO:0032673 regulation of interleukin-4 production
GO:0032675 regulation of interleukin-6 production
GO:0032677 regulation of interleukin-8 production
GO:0032680 regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0032682 negative regulation of chemokine production
GO:0032689 negative regulation of interferon-gamma production
GO:0032720 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0032722 positive regulation of chemokine production
GO:0032729 positive regulation of interferon-gamma production
GO:0032731 positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
GO:0032732 positive regulation of interleukin-1 production
GO:0032733 positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
GO:0032735 positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
GO:0032736 positive regulation of interleukin-13 production
GO:0032753 positive regulation of interleukin-4 production
GO:0032755 positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
GO:0032757 positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
GO:0032760 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0032829 regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
GO:0032831 positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
GO:0032832 regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
GO:0032834 positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response
GO:0032844 regulation of homeostatic process
GO:0032846 positive regulation of homeostatic process
GO:0032943 mononuclear cell proliferation
GO:0032944 regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
GO:0032945 negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
GO:0032946 positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
GO:0033003 regulation of mast cell activation
GO:0033004 negative regulation of mast cell activation
GO:0033006 regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response
GO:0033007 negative regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response
GO:0033157 regulation of intracellular protein transport
GO:0034341 response to interferon-gamma
GO:0034504 protein localization to nucleus
GO:0035710 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:0035739 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:0036336 dendritic cell migration
GO:0038066 p38MAPK cascade
GO:0040017 positive regulation of locomotion
GO:0042098 T cell proliferation
GO:0042102 positive regulation of T cell proliferation
GO:0042110 T cell activation
GO:0042129 regulation of T cell proliferation
GO:0042130 negative regulation of T cell proliferation
GO:0042267 natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
GO:0042269 regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
GO:0042306 regulation of protein import into nucleus
GO:0042307 positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
GO:0042345 regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
GO:0042346 positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
GO:0042348 NF-kappaB import into nucleus
GO:0042990 regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
GO:0042991 transcription factor import into nucleus
GO:0042993 positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
GO:0043029 T cell homeostasis
GO:0043122 regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
GO:0043123 positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
GO:0043280 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
GO:0043281 regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
GO:0043299 leukocyte degranulation
GO:0043300 regulation of leukocyte degranulation
GO:0043301 negative regulation of leukocyte degranulation
GO:0043303 mast cell degranulation
GO:0043304 regulation of mast cell degranulation
GO:0043305 negative regulation of mast cell degranulation
GO:0043367 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
GO:0043370 regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
GO:0043372 positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade
GO:0043900 regulation of multi-organism process
GO:0043902 positive regulation of multi-organism process
GO:0043903 regulation of symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
GO:0044409 entry into host
GO:0044706 multi-multicellular organism process
GO:0044744 protein targeting to nucleus
GO:0045055 regulated exocytosis
GO:0045066 regulatory T cell differentiation
GO:0045088 regulation of innate immune response
GO:0045576 mast cell activation
GO:0045580 regulation of T cell differentiation
GO:0045582 positive regulation of T cell differentiation
GO:0045589 regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
GO:0045591 positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
GO:0045619 regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
GO:0045621 positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
GO:0045785 positive regulation of cell adhesion
GO:0045824 negative regulation of innate immune response
GO:0045862 positive regulation of proteolysis
GO:0045920 negative regulation of exocytosis
GO:0045953 negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
GO:0046006 regulation of activated T cell proliferation
GO:0046007 negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation
GO:0046596 regulation of viral entry into host cell
GO:0046598 positive regulation of viral entry into host cell
GO:0046631 alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:0046632 alpha-beta T cell differentiation
GO:0046633 alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:0046634 regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:0046635 positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:0046636 negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:0046637 regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
GO:0046638 positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
GO:0046640 regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:0046641 positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:0046642 negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:0046651 lymphocyte proliferation
GO:0046718 viral entry into host cell
GO:0046822 regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
GO:0046824 positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
GO:0048524 positive regulation of viral process
GO:0048872 homeostasis of number of cells
GO:0050663 cytokine secretion
GO:0050670 regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
GO:0050671 positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
GO:0050672 negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
GO:0050701 interleukin-1 secretion
GO:0050702 interleukin-1 beta secretion
GO:0050704 regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
GO:0050706 regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
GO:0050707 regulation of cytokine secretion
GO:0050708 regulation of protein secretion
GO:0050714 positive regulation of protein secretion
GO:0050715 positive regulation of cytokine secretion
GO:0050716 positive regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
GO:0050718 positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
GO:0050777 negative regulation of immune response
GO:0050792 regulation of viral process
GO:0050798 activated T cell proliferation
GO:0050863 regulation of T cell activation
GO:0050865 regulation of cell activation
GO:0050866 negative regulation of cell activation
GO:0050867 positive regulation of cell activation
GO:0050868 negative regulation of T cell activation
GO:0050870 positive regulation of T cell activation
GO:0050900 leukocyte migration
GO:0050920 regulation of chemotaxis
GO:0050921 positive regulation of chemotaxis
GO:0051047 positive regulation of secretion
GO:0051048 negative regulation of secretion
GO:0051051 negative regulation of transport
GO:0051090 regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
GO:0051091 positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
GO:0051092 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
GO:0051169 nuclear transport
GO:0051170 nuclear import
GO:0051222 positive regulation of protein transport
GO:0051249 regulation of lymphocyte activation
GO:0051250 negative regulation of lymphocyte activation
GO:0051251 positive regulation of lymphocyte activation
GO:0051272 positive regulation of cellular component movement
GO:0051403 stress-activated MAPK cascade
GO:0051640 organelle localization
GO:0051656 establishment of organelle localization
GO:0051701 interaction with host
GO:0051806 entry into cell of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
GO:0051828 entry into other organism involved in symbiotic interaction
GO:0052547 regulation of peptidase activity
GO:0052548 regulation of endopeptidase activity
GO:0060135 maternal process involved in female pregnancy
GO:0060326 cell chemotaxis
GO:0060627 regulation of vesicle-mediated transport
GO:0070227 lymphocyte apoptotic process
GO:0070228 regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process
GO:0070230 positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process
GO:0070231 T cell apoptotic process
GO:0070232 regulation of T cell apoptotic process
GO:0070234 positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process
GO:0070238 activated T cell autonomous cell death
GO:0070239 regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
GO:0070241 positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
GO:0070371 ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
GO:0070372 regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
GO:0070374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
GO:0070486 leukocyte aggregation
GO:0070489 T cell aggregation
GO:0070555 response to interleukin-1
GO:0070661 leukocyte proliferation
GO:0070663 regulation of leukocyte proliferation
GO:0070664 negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation
GO:0070665 positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation
GO:0071346 cellular response to interferon-gamma
GO:0071593 lymphocyte aggregation
GO:0071604 transforming growth factor beta production
GO:0071605 monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
GO:0071634 regulation of transforming growth factor beta production
GO:0071636 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production
GO:0071637 regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
GO:0071639 positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
GO:0071706 tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
GO:0071887 leukocyte apoptotic process
GO:0072604 interleukin-6 secretion
GO:0072606 interleukin-8 secretion
GO:0072608 interleukin-10 secretion
GO:0072610 interleukin-12 secretion
GO:0072611 interleukin-13 secretion
GO:0072643 interferon-gamma secretion
GO:0090316 positive regulation of intracellular protein transport
GO:0097028 dendritic cell differentiation
GO:0097048 dendritic cell apoptotic process
GO:0098586 cellular response to virus
GO:1900180 regulation of protein localization to nucleus
GO:1900182 positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus
GO:1902105 regulation of leukocyte differentiation
GO:1902107 positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation
GO:1902593 single-organism nuclear import
GO:1902713 regulation of interferon-gamma secretion
GO:1902715 positive regulation of interferon-gamma secretion
GO:1903037 regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
GO:1903038 negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
GO:1903039 positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
GO:1903305 regulation of regulated secretory pathway
GO:1903306 negative regulation of regulated secretory pathway
GO:1903531 negative regulation of secretion by cell
GO:1903532 positive regulation of secretion by cell
GO:1903533 regulation of protein targeting
GO:1903555 regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
GO:1903556 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
GO:1903557 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production
GO:1903706 regulation of hemopoiesis
GO:1903708 positive regulation of hemopoiesis
GO:1903829 positive regulation of cellular protein localization
GO:1903900 regulation of viral life cycle
GO:1903902 positive regulation of viral life cycle
GO:1904467 regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion
GO:1904469 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor secretion
GO:1904589 regulation of protein import
GO:1904591 positive regulation of protein import
GO:1904951 positive regulation of establishment of protein localization
GO:1990774 tumor necrosis factor secretion
GO:2000106 regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process
GO:2000108 positive regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process
GO:2000116 regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
GO:2000147 positive regulation of cell motility
GO:2000482 regulation of interleukin-8 secretion
GO:2000484 positive regulation of interleukin-8 secretion
GO:2000508 regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis
GO:2000510 positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis
GO:2000514 regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:2000515 negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:2000516 positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation
GO:2000561 regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:2000562 negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:2000563 positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
GO:2000665 regulation of interleukin-13 secretion
GO:2000667 positive regulation of interleukin-13 secretion
GO:2000668 regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process
GO:2000670 positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process
GO:2000778 positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion
GO:2001056 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
GO:2001179 regulation of interleukin-10 secretion
GO:2001181 positive regulation of interleukin-10 secretion
GO:2001182 regulation of interleukin-12 secretion
GO:2001184 positive regulation of interleukin-12 secretion
GO:2001188 regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
GO:2001190 positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
GO:2001198 regulation of dendritic cell differentiation
GO:2001200 positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation
GO:2001233 regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
GO:2001235 positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
GO:2001267 regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
GO:2001269 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
Molecular Function GO:0005534 galactose binding
GO:0030246 carbohydrate binding
GO:0048029 monosaccharide binding
GO:0048030 disaccharide binding
GO:0070492 oligosaccharide binding
Cellular Component -
> KEGG and Reactome Pathway
 
KEGG -
Reactome R-HSA-1280215: Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
R-HSA-168256: Immune System
R-HSA-451927: Interleukin-2 signaling
R-HSA-449147: Signaling by Interleukins
Summary
SymbolLGALS9
Namelectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
Aliases LGALS9A; galectin 9; HUATA; ecalectin; gal-9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein; Ga ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Literatures that report relations between LGALS9 and anti-tumor immunity. The specific mechanism were also collected if the literature reports that a gene specifically promotes or inhibits the infiltration or function of T/NK cells.
> Text Mining
 
  Literatures describing the relation between LGALS9 and anti-tumor immunity in human cancer.
PMID Cancer type Relation to immunity Evidence sentences
28195343Hepatocellular CarcinomaInhibit immunityIn the setting of viral hepatitis, increased expression of Gal-9 drives the expansion of regulatory T cells and contraction of effector T cells, thereby favoring viral persistence. The dichotomous nature of Gal-9 is evident in hepatocellular carcinoma, where loss of expression in hepatocytes promotes tumor growth and metastasis, whereas overexpression by Kupffer cells and endothelial cells inhibits the antitumor immune response.
22505239Hepatocellular CarcinomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)Tim-3/galectin-9 signaling pathway mediates T-cell dysfunction and predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
27418644Plasma cell myelomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)In addition, Galectin-9 and a proliferation-induced ligand (APRIL), secreted by OCs, are significantly upregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Galectin-9 specifically induces apoptosis of T cells while sparing monocytes and MM cells.
27418644Plasma cell myelomaInhibit immunityIn addition, Galectin-9 and a proliferation-induced ligand (APRIL), secreted by OCs, are significantly upregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Galectin-9 specifically induces apoptosis of T cells while sparing monocytes and MM cells.
28470686Pancreatic Carcinoma; Ampulla of Vater CarcinomaInhibit immunity (T cell function)Our aim was to examine the expression of the immune inhibiting molecules PD-L1, Galectin-9, HVEM, IDO and HLA-G, as well as CD8+ and FoxP3+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), in pancreatic and ampullary cancers, and to relate their individual, as well as their combined expression, to cancer survival. Expression of immune inhibitory molecules and TIL was examined by immunohistochemistry. We show that immune inhibitory molecules are prevalently expressed. Moreover, high tumor expression of PD-L1 (p?=?0.002), Gal-9 (p?=?0.003), HVEM (p?=?0.001), IDO (p?=?0.049), HLA-G (p?=?0.004) and high CD8/FoxP3 TIL ratio (p?=?0.006) were associated with improved cancer-specific survival.
28394331Pancreatic Ductal AdenocarcinomaInhibit immunityWe found that dectin 1 is highly expressed on macrophages in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Dectin 1 ligation accelerated the progression of PDA in mice, whereas deletion of Clec7a-the gene encoding dectin 1-or blockade of dectin 1 downstream signaling was protective. We found that dectin 1 can ligate the lectin galectin 9 in mouse and human PDA, which results in tolerogenic macrophage programming and adaptive immune suppression. Upon disruption of the dectin 1-galectin 9 axis, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which are dispensable for PDA progression in hosts with an intact signaling axis, become reprogrammed into indispensable mediators of anti-tumor immunity.
21385853Acute Myeloid LeukemiaInhibit immunityGalectin-9 KO mice were more resistant to AML, which was associated with reduced T-regulatory cell accumulation and a modest induction of PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on CD8(+) T cells. Therefore, combined PD-1/PDL1 and Tim-3/galectin-9 blockade may be beneficial in preventing CD8(+) T-cell exhaustion in patients with hematologic malignancies such as advanced AML.
19005181Nasopharyngeal CarcinomaInhibit immunityOur previous in vitro studies have shown that NPC cells release exosomes containing high amounts of galectin-9, a ligand of the membrane receptor Tim-3, which is able to induce apoptosis in mature Th1 lymphocytes. Importantly, NPC exosomes induce massive apoptosis in EBV-specific CD4(+) cells used as a model of target T cells. This effect is inhibited by both anti-Tim-3 and antigalectin-9 blocking antibodies. These results indicate that blocking galectin-9/Tim-3 interaction in vivo might alleviate the Th1-suppressive effect of NPC exosomes and sustain antitumoral T-cell responses and thereby improve clinical efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches against NPC.
Summary
SymbolLGALS9
Namelectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
Aliases LGALS9A; galectin 9; HUATA; ecalectin; gal-9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein; Ga ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content High-throughput screening data (e.g. CRISPR-Cas9, shRNA and RNAi) for T cell-mediated killing. Genetic screen techniques can identify mechanisms of tumor cell resistance (e.g., PTPN2) and sensitivity (e.g., APLNR) to killing by cytotoxic T cells, the central effectors of anti-tumor immunity. After comprehensively searching, eight groups of screening data sets were collected in the current database. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes cause resistance or increase sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in various data sets.
> High-throughput Screening
  Statistical results of LGALS9 in screening data sets for detecting immune reponses.
PMID Screening System Cancer Type Cell Line Data Set Statistical Results Relation to immunity
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10Pmel-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
29301958CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16F10OT-1 T cell NA/NSNA/NS
28783722CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaMel6242CT-CRISPR NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX+Anti-PD1 NA/NSNA/NS
28723893CRISPR-Cas9 melanomaB16GVAX NA/NSNA/NS
25691366RNAiBreast cancerMCF7Luc-CTL assay NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Primary screen NA/NSNA/NS
24476824shRNAmelanomaB16Secondary screen NA/NSNA/NS
Summary
SymbolLGALS9
Namelectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
Aliases LGALS9A; galectin 9; HUATA; ecalectin; gal-9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein; Ga ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Transcriptomic and genomic profiling of pre-treated tumor biopsies from responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. These data were used to identify signatures and mechanisms of response to checkpoint blockade (e.g., anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1). One example is that mutations in the gene PBRM1 benefit clinical survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. After comprehensively searching, we collected 5 and 6 of transcriptomic and genomic data sets, respectively. In this tab, users can check whether their selected genes have significant difference of expression or mutation between responders and non-responders in various data sets.
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
> Expression difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the expression difference of LGALS9 in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes Log2 (Fold Change) P value Anno
126997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)14120.3520.502
226997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)650.4240.862
326997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)870.2980.871
428552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 916-0.0410.921
528552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 59-0.4880.805
628552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 470.5280.841
729033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 26230.2350.631
829033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 15110.4980.744
929033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 1112-0.1880.919
1029301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 481.4720.526
1129301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 2001
1229301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 281.5790.668
1329443960Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 68230-0.0480.73
> Mutation difference between responders and non-responders
 
Points in the above scatter plot represent the mutation difference of LGALS9 in various data sets.
No PMID Cancer type Group Drug # Res # NRes % Mut/Res % Mut/NRes % Diff (R vs NR) Pval Anno
125765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)allAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 14170001
225765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 1030001
325765070Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)non-smokingAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) 4140001
426359337MelanomaallAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 27733.72.711
526359337MelanomaBRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 01407.1-7.11
626359337Melanomanon-BRAFiAnti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) 27593.71.720.532
726997480MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)211705.9-5.90.447
826997480MelanomaMAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)860001
926997480Melanomanon-MAPKiAnti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab)131109.1-9.10.458
1028552987Urothelial cancerallAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 9160001
1128552987Urothelial cancersmokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 590001
1228552987Urothelial cancernon-smokingAnti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) 470001
1329033130MelanomaallAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 38270001
1429033130MelanomaNIV3-PROGAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 22130001
1529033130MelanomaNIV3-NAIVEAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 16140001
1629301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)allAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 11130001
1729301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 610001
1829301960Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)non-VEGFRiAnti-PD-1 (nivolumab) 5120001
Summary
SymbolLGALS9
Namelectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
Aliases LGALS9A; galectin 9; HUATA; ecalectin; gal-9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein; Ga ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of LGALS9. The immune-related signatures of 28 TIL types from Charoentong's study, which can be viewed in the download page. For each cancer type, the relative abundance of TILs were inferred by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) based on gene expression profile. In this tab, users can examine which kinds of TILs might be regulated by the current gene.
> Lymphocyte
 
Summary
SymbolLGALS9
Namelectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
Aliases LGALS9A; galectin 9; HUATA; ecalectin; gal-9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein; Ga ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between three kinds of immunomodulators and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of LGALS9. These immunomo-dulators were collected from Charoentong's study. In this tab, users can examine which immunomodulators might be regulated by LGALS9.
> Immunoinhibitor
> Immunostimulator
> MHC molecule
> Immunoinhibitor
 
> Immunostimulator
 
> MHC molecule
 
Summary
SymbolLGALS9
Namelectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
Aliases LGALS9A; galectin 9; HUATA; ecalectin; gal-9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein; Ga ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Relations between chemokines (or receptors) and expression, copy number, methylation, or mutation of LGALS9. In this tab, users can examine which chemokines (or receptors) might be regulated by the current gene.
> Chemokine
> Receptor
> Chemokine
 
> Receptor
 
Summary
SymbolLGALS9
Namelectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
Aliases LGALS9A; galectin 9; HUATA; ecalectin; gal-9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein; Ga ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Distribution of LGALS9 expression across immune and molecular subtypes.
> Immune subtype
> Molecular subtype
> Immune subtype
 
> Molecular subtype
 
Summary
SymbolLGALS9
Namelectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
Aliases LGALS9A; galectin 9; HUATA; ecalectin; gal-9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein; Ga ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Associations between LGALS9 and clinical features.
> Overall survival analysis
> Cancer stage
> Tumor grade
> Overall survival
 
> Stage
 
> Grade
 
Summary
SymbolLGALS9
Namelectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9
Aliases LGALS9A; galectin 9; HUATA; ecalectin; gal-9; tumor antigen HOM-HD-21; urate transporter/channel protein; Ga ......
Chromosomal Location17q11.2
External Links HGNC, NCBI, Ensembl, Uniprot, GeneCards
Content Drugs targeting LGALS9 collected from DrugBank database.
> Drugs from DrugBank database
 

  Details on drugs targeting LGALS9.
ID Name Drug Type Targets #Targets
DB04472(R)-1-Para-Nitro-Phenyl-2-Azido-EthanolSmall MoleculeLGALS91